Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Tradition And The Individual Talent - 944 Words

Miriam-Webster dictionary defines tradition as, â€Å"a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been used by the people in a particular group, family, society, etc., for a long time.† However the playwright, poet, and critic T.S. Eliot believes tradition in a poetry sense varies through cultures, through time, and it is ever changing. In Eliot’s critical analysis â€Å"Tradition and the Individual Talent† tradition is something considered passed down but in a poetry sense, it is something that is not inherited, it is something that requires great ambition and focus to learn from past poets. A great poet must learn from predecessors of the difficult art before he or she takes to writing great poetry. According to Eliot writers must learn from the past, conform to present-day traditions, and realize their poetry will be compared to past and present works. Eliot’s belief of tradition is complex and different from the standard definition of tr adition. The works from the past great poets create the definition of tradition, according to Eliot, but as new works are created, the tradition will change and adjust as they add themselves to the long list of great poetry. He states this as, â€Å"the past should be altered by the present as much as the present is directed by the past.† By this he means poets should learn from past poets and be directed by them but that does not mean they have a set guideline to follow as it is always changing. Before anybody begins, however, the newShow MoreRelatedThe Hmong New Year1110 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurs annually, in the months of November and December, in areas where large Hmong population exists.  In this speech, I am going to share the three main components that make up the celebration of Hmong New Year, such as the culture of the food, tradition clothes, and the activities that are involved. I. There are several activities that are involved at Hmong New Years. A. The game of love Pov pob, or ball toss, involves lines or groups of men and women tossing a ball. 1. The ball is thrownRead MoreTanglewood Casebook 21174 Words   |  5 PagesAcquire or Develop Talent: The Tanglewood organization currently does not have a strong process in acquiring or developing new talent. From the case study we find that Tanglewood would like to focus on having a workforce of committed, qualified individuals who will continue the Tanglewood tradition; yet they have no solid recruiting process into place. The Tanglewood organization also has opportunity around their development process, understanding they want team members to feel valued and knowRead MoreThe Role of Food and Recipes in Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel1140 Words   |  5 Pagesdiet. Many individual eat certain groups of foods mostly due to their cultures, backgrounds, geographic locations and also the economic status of their families and their ethnic groups. Unlike other human essentials, food preserves cultures as different cultures are associated with various foods. For instance, in a gathering that has people from various locations of the world and containing different types of f oods where and the mode of eating is self-service, it is observed that individual from theRead MoreThe Best American Essays Of The Century By Robert Atwan1544 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant subject. Injustice is a clearly shared theme in â€Å"Coatesville† by John Jay Chapman, â€Å"The Devil Baby at Hull-House† by Jane Addams, and â€Å"Of the Coming of John† by W.E.B. Du Bois. Finally, in â€Å"Corn-pone Opinions† by Mark Twain, â€Å"Tradition and the Individual Talent† by T.S. Eliot, and â€Å"What Are Masterpieces and Why Are There So Few of Them† by Gertrude Stein, the aspect of non-personality and the removal of one’s self seems to be commonly spoken of in terms of creation. The first motif, identityRead MoreAisha Osman. Matthew Brogden. Engl 3001W: Textual Analysis1535 Words   |  7 PagesAisha Osman Matthew Brogden Engl 3001W: Textual Analysis â€Å"Methods† March 8th, 2017 Tradition and the Individual Talent: T.S. Eliot In Tradition and the Individual Talent, T.S. Eliot makes an argument against artists expressing their own emotions and their own personal experiences to a work of art. Eliot goes into detail in how personal experiences in a work of art would essentially be pushing your own emotions on to the reader whether they want them or notRead MoreThe Value Of Culture Of Education Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pages The Value of Culture in Education All individuals are affected in one way or another by the culture, or the beliefs and traditions of our society. The various layers of culture assist in designing the future of an individual, but more importantly the educational culture affects the success of the student. Cathy Davidson, author of Project Classroom Makeover, claims that the current culture of education is negatively affecting the students by narrowing the spectrum of success. Susan Faludi, authorRead MoreOutliers Analysis Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesthird base and you think you hit a triple.† In other words, we often over-attribute our successes to our natural talents. But really, those talents and abilities came about through a series of explainable, fortunate circumstances that we should recognize, learn to use wisely and be grateful for. In the book Galdwell questions success and natural inborn talent. He is not denying that talent is without a doubt essential for success but more then that he believes in practice, culture, upbringing and otherRead MoreBilly Elliot Into the World Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety of pathways and elements, which enables individual transition into a New World. ‘Into the World’ is about people choosing the next pathway into their life by their own determination, experiences and support which enables them to go beyond their original location and narrow view of the world. ‘Billy Elliot’ relates to the elective ‘Into the World’ as the film is about new possibilities opening up, determination, family support and individual growth. Two related texts that show other kindsRead MoreFà ¼rst Wallerstein’s Approach to Talent Management Essay905 Words   |  4 Pages3. Fà ¼rst Wallerstein’s Approach to Talent Management Once all issues have been identified and analysed, the important question is: how should these challenges be treated? With which TM strategy can the company achieve their goals? Lawler states that important elements in a successful TM system are: a precise company vision and goal, a recruitment process, a training program, and a performance management system in combination with a reward process and information system (Lawler, 2008). Fà ¼rst WallersteinRead MoreA Force of Nature: Imagination in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens and John Ashbery1602 Words   |  7 Pagesfundamental part of it. â€Å"In Tradition and the Individual Talent†, T.S. Eliot affirms that the greatest writers are those who are conscious of the writers who came before, as if they write with a sense of continuity. T.S Eliot addresses literary tradition as well as poetic tradition, and states that it is important to focus on â€Å"significant emotion, emotion which has its life in the poem and not in the history of the poet† (18). In this sense, the importance of tradition in poetry relies on the fact

Monday, December 16, 2019

Humans, Animals, And Nature - 2341 Words

PY 4647: Humans, Animals, and Nature (Ben Sachs) Thom Almeida (110003776) Word count: 2,216 Introduction Modern technological advances in animal farming coupled with a greater desire for food production have led to increased suffering of animals to suit our own interests. Bernard Rollin has argued that unless this trend is discontinued, which he deems unlikely to happen, genetic engineering of animals is a morally preferable option compared to not intervening at all in order to ameliorate the frustration of animal interests and to increase their happiness. He provides an alternative interpretation of the Aristotelian notion of telos (i.e. the nature or purpose of something) to provide a philosophical foundation for his position. Rollin holds that genetic modification of an animal merely alters its telos rather than contradicts it, entailing that this is morally acceptable as long as the animal is not any worse off than it was before. Opponents of genetic engineering have criticised Rollin on deontological grounds by positing that we must look beyond animal welfare and take an animalâ₠¬â„¢s intrinsic value into consideration. In this paper I will examine both deontological critiques of animal genetic engineering and Rollin’s consequentialist approach. In doing so, I will discuss whether the neo-Aristotelian notion of telos needs to be adjusted or expanded upon to provide an improved moral framework for judging when genetic engineering is morally permissible. In addition, I shallShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature : Animal Nature2452 Words   |  10 PagesThe Oxford Dictionary defines human nature as, â€Å"The general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans† (Human Nature). Throughout various great literary works, human nature is portrayed in many positive and negative ways. As humans, we have evolved to rely on one another; no man is an island, and one’s actions affect society around him/her in one way or another. Human nature is seen today as either altruistic or egotistical, d ependingRead MoreAnimal Farm : Human Nature in Animals823 Words   |  4 PagesHuman nature in animals. Was this really shown in George Orwell’s ‘Animal Farm’? In fact, there were several messages about human nature reflected in ’Animal Farm’. The messages that were expressed through many different characters and their behaviours, gave an insight into human nature, and showed many characteristics of it. The idea of equality â€Å"all animals are equal† and socialism would make an ideal society. It would be effective on Animal Farm if it were not for the pigs’ hunger for powerRead MoreAnimal Farm And Human Nature1051 Words   |  5 PagesCorrupted by Human Nature The paradigms and principles you have created shape your view of the world. The knowledge you have accumulated throughout your life contributes to your attitude towards life. Do you believe human kind is inherently selfish? In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell speculates the evil of human nature. Allow me to unfold for you the influence of human nature before the revolution on Manor Farm and the short term and long-term results of the revolution. Animals were treatedRead MoreHumans Are Social Animals By Nature1680 Words   |  7 PagesHumans are social animals by nature. There is an ever-present urge to assimilate into society for personal gain or comfort regardless of a person’s place of birth. Through personal observations, in both the Western and Eastern cultures, the region an individual is raised in does not definitively matter when it concerns physical insecurities or how someone goes about remodeling themselves. Some go about change through adapting their dietary habits and fitness regimes to achieve their ideal body, butRead MoreThe Human Nature Of Animal Border1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe human-animal border is something people have been fascinated with for years. Humans are taught at a younger at that there is supposed to be a separation between humans and animals, but as the years have gone on this border has started to dissipate. Humans now relate to animals more than ever before. Kids idolize them becau se of the movies and television shows, and adults turn to animals in times of great need. Animals have become more like humans which poses the question: does this border evenRead MoreComparing Animal Farm And Lord Of The Flies Present Human Nature3587 Words   |  15 PagesCompare how Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies present human nature. George Orwell and William Golding were both writers who were concerned with human nature. They both thought that human nature had been twisted but they had slightly different interpretations of what it entails. George Orwell, who published Animal Farm in 1945, was influenced quite heavily on the Russian Revolution and was portraying human nature to be something that is weak and is easily corrupted through power and money, whereasRead MoreHow Has George Orwell Used Animal Farm to Present His View of Human Nature?789 Words   |  4 PagesOrwell’s Animal Farm is a satirical allegory through which he presents his cynical view of human nature. He uses the animal fable effectively to expose the issues of injustice, exploitation and inequality in human society. Orwell uses the allegory, Animal Farm, to present the story of The Russian Revolution and essentially express his opinions on the matter. By plainly exposing the unjust and corrupt system that is communism, Orwell is ultimately presenting his pessimistic view of human nature. Read MoreKant s View On Animal And The Treatment Of Them1306 Words   |  6 PagesKant’s approach to animals and the treatment of them is examined. His approach has a basis of egocentric ideals which can be found, and should be left in, an earlier era. First, I explain his second categorical imperative and how it is applicable to humans but excludes animals. I argue Kant’s second categorical imperative in regards to it only being applicable to humans through his definition of â€Å"humanity†. Second, I investigate how Kant believes we should treat animals and his justification forRead MoreAnalysis of a Bird Came Down the Walk by Emily Dickinson Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of A Bird came down the Walk In A Bird came down the Walk-, nature is presented in various ways. Dickinson experiences the benevolence within nature. This contrasts with the cruel and unmerciful aspects of nature that are also evident in the poem. The narrator feels a sense of belonging with nature as she observes in awe. However, at times, she feels alienated due to the differences between animals and humans. Nature is initially presented as a brutal force. Dickinson creates vivid imageryRead MoreThe Damned Human Race By Mark Twain849 Words   |  4 PagesIn Mark Twain’s essay â€Å"The Damned Human Race†, he assumes the role as a scientist, analyzing the differences between various species of animals and the human race. It is an essay, loaded with vicious irony that attempts to shine the light upon what Twain identifies as numerous faults within our species. Twain rejects the Theory of Evolution and human supremacy posed by Darwin, and argues that man is actually devolved from the animals as proven by man’s numerous vices. Despite the essay s dark satire

Sunday, December 8, 2019

How the Type of Work He or She Does Influences a Persons free essay sample

1-) Illustrate how the type of work he or she does influences a persons lifestyle. For example, contrast a farmer, a factory worker, and a schoolteacher. Work life of a person turns his/her life into another direction, in a way that the beliefs, perspectives, goals, human intercommunication depends on the persons profession or even the situation arrises if the person is unemployed. Begining from the pre-proffession, the person gains some qualifications, attributes, so; those characteristics of the person leads him/her to choose a particular working area. For example, an art-oriented creative minded student, is led to go to an art or related school and then the work life of that person goes into a direction of art related industy work-life. So, that shows that having a profession influences a lifestyle also because of the required qulifications of life which leds the people into that job. Working in a job represents the time spend dealing with a particular area which will influence a person to think, exert, engage in work-related areas. We will write a custom essay sample on How the Type of Work He or She Does Influences a Persons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance, a schoolteacher deals with the math almost all day long, which soon or later makes the teacher a math-minded, math- thinker even about the social life outside the school. Summing up, you are what you are doing as it is said. If you are a lawyer, then law cannot be seperated from your lifestyle, your thinking even if you retire or quit. 2- ) Is it possible for an economy to be based on entirely on services? Service sector in industrialized economies are rapidly increasing. Products have a higher service component than in previous decades. A service based economies are made up of service industries (rather than agriculture, mining or manufacturing). Infrastructure services (Banking, communication) are significantly connected with each sectors of the economy. Infrastructure services are the requirement for an economy to become more industrialized so that society needs these services. Service activities are really important for the economy to function and to increase the quality of life. Government services have important role to provide a stable environment for investment and economic growth. Services such as health care, safe drinking water are necessary for any country to grow. Thus, services are the integral thing in any society. It is important for healthy economy and the part of the economy. Finally, the service sector even which also includes distrubuting, selling of manuctured items, plays an important role in economy 3-) What is the value of self- service in an economy? An economy in which a large and increasing proportion of household expenditure is invested in durable goods (such as tools and machinery) which allow consumers to produce services for themselves (rather than buying the services as in a service economy) Consumers are looking for self-service opportunities that are fast, easy and fun to use in all aspects of everyday life from retail to travel, banking to entertainment and health clubs. Customer Service in recent years has meant self-serve -aided by touch-screen kiosks. As digital kiosks become more user-friendly and capable of handling more complicated tasks, health care providers, fast-food chains and other businesses say trading face-to-face encounters for face-to-monitor transactions improves service and saves money. These kiosks are being used to handle a variety of applications in more segments. For example nowadays hotels adding or expanding kiosks where you can check yourself in. these kiosks can be good for business, and not just by lowering costs.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Midsummer Essays (1380 words) - Robert Frost,

Midsummer COMPARISON OF: ROBERT FROST'S ?STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING? AND ?ACQUAINTED WITH THE NIGHT? Robert Frost's poems ?Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening? and ?Acquainted with the Night? seem to be ordinary poems at first glance, but after an in depth look at these works and how they relate, they become much more. Frost seemed to keep a tone of mystery throughout each of these poems, never actually telling the reader exactly what was going on. By the same token, the poems gave off sense of darkness and gloom just adding to the mystery of what lies ahead. Neither of the characters in these poems seem to be very happy which also augments the gloomy mood of these poems. The characters in these poems also appear to be on some kind of journey, but are reluctant to go ahead and find out what fate has planned for them. A sense of obligation is also present in these poems, an obligation which must be fulfilled, whether the character likes it or not. More easily seen is the mystery in each of these poems. Frost keeps the reader in suspense by never telling the reader what exactly is going on, but just touches on what might be going on. And to make things even more mysterious, he gives you hints, and leaves the reader with a lot to think about in these poems. In ?Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,? Frost exhibits this fairly clearly when his character mentions in the first line of the poem ?Whose woods these are I think I know/His house is in the village, though;/He will not see me stopping here.? These first three lines set a mood of dishonesty, as if the character is not supposed to be there, but it's all right for now because the owner doesn't know he's there. This little hint pops a question in your mind, ?What exactly is this guy doing?,? hence the mystery. Frost once again sets the mood for mystery in ?Acquainted with the Night,? by making known the presence of authority when his character states, ?I have passed by the wa tchman on his beat/And dropped my eyes unwilling to explain.? The character seems to be feeling guilty, or afraid of the authority figure and drops his eyes to the watchman because of this. But why would he feel guilty or afraid? Again, a mysterious hint. Also projected by these poems is a sense of darkness, which goes hand in hand with the mystery in these poems. The titles of these poems alone suggest darkness. Let me ask you one question; what time of day is the most mysterious? Of course the ?Evening? or ?Night? is the most mysterious time of day. But Frost does not stop here in emphasizing darkness in these poems. ?The darkest evening of the year.? This selection from ?Stopping by Woods in a Snowy Evening,? amplifies even more the sense of darkness in these poems. Why is this evening ?the darkest of the year Night is night no doubt. But what makes this evening so dark? Is it so dark because the cloud cover from the snowfall is blocking out the moon and stars, desecrating the available light? If this is true, then how could there be enough light to ?watch his woods fill up with snow,? to see that there is ?[no] farmhouse near,? or that ?the woods are lovely, dark and deep Maybe it is not that the evening is dark in the sense of ni ght versus day, but maybe it is a personification of how the character feels. Perhaps the character has hit a low point in their life and this is why the character describes the night as ?The darkest,? i.e. the lowest or saddest, ?evening of the year.? From ?Acquainted with the Night,? Frost's character mentions, ?I have outwalked the furthest city light.? When the character states that he have ?outwalked the furthest city light? it projects a very strong and large sense of darkness. During the night, the brightest light may be from a city, and to ?outwalk? this strong light, the character must walk very far, hence, ?furthest.? Immediately after this line, the character says ?I have looked down

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Free Essays on Politcs In Cities

During the 19th century there was a rapid growth of American cities due to immigration and migration from rural areas. This rise in the population created enormous problems for city governments, which were often unable to provide for the people and lacked any type of structure. In these conditions we begin to see the emergence of political machines, such as Tammany Hall in New York City. These groups were able to build a loyal voter following, especially among immigrant groups, by performing such favors as providing jobs or housing. Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighborhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighborhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls.They were called machines because of their power to get candidates elected and their mechanical like efficiency when doing business. Political machines are local political party organiza tions capable of mobilizing or â€Å"manufacturing† large numbers of votes on behalf of candidates for political office. The traditional American political machine consists of three elements: a county committee, which governed the machine; an army of ward and precinct leaders who mobilized and organized support at the neighborhood level; and party loyalists who supported the machine with votes and financial support in return for benefits provided by ward and precinct leaders. The county committee consisted of professional politicians and the party’s top office holders within the county. In some cases, a single leader, called the â€Å"party boss†, would dominate the committee. In the 20th century, individuals such as Kansas City’s Thomas J. Pendergast, Boston’s James Michael Curly, and Chicago’s Richard J. Daily exercised a controlling influence on their city’s political affairs through their command of the county committee. The count y committee’s ... Free Essays on Politcs In Cities Free Essays on Politcs In Cities During the 19th century there was a rapid growth of American cities due to immigration and migration from rural areas. This rise in the population created enormous problems for city governments, which were often unable to provide for the people and lacked any type of structure. In these conditions we begin to see the emergence of political machines, such as Tammany Hall in New York City. These groups were able to build a loyal voter following, especially among immigrant groups, by performing such favors as providing jobs or housing. Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighborhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighborhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls.They were called machines because of their power to get candidates elected and their mechanical like efficiency when doing business. Political machines are local political party organiza tions capable of mobilizing or â€Å"manufacturing† large numbers of votes on behalf of candidates for political office. The traditional American political machine consists of three elements: a county committee, which governed the machine; an army of ward and precinct leaders who mobilized and organized support at the neighborhood level; and party loyalists who supported the machine with votes and financial support in return for benefits provided by ward and precinct leaders. The county committee consisted of professional politicians and the party’s top office holders within the county. In some cases, a single leader, called the â€Å"party boss†, would dominate the committee. In the 20th century, individuals such as Kansas City’s Thomas J. Pendergast, Boston’s James Michael Curly, and Chicago’s Richard J. Daily exercised a controlling influence on their city’s political affairs through their command of the county committee. The count y committee’s ...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Important Tips For Personal Statements

Important Tips For Personal Statements As someone who has written many personal statements for college applications, I know firsthand how mind-numbing and frustrating the process can be. That is why I would like to take this opportunity offer some suggestions and writing tips for personal statements. Hopefully after reading the following paragraphs, the idea of writing a personal statement for your college of choice wont seem so intimidating. In my opinion, the most important tip for writing personal statements is to give yourself plenty of time. Allowing several weeks or even months in which to write your essay means that you can afford to take your time and compose an excellent composition. The worst thing you can do is wait until the last minute to write your personal statement. Doing so will almost guarantee frustration, disappointment, and a mediocre final product. Another excellent tip that I advise when writing your personal statement is to create many drafts. As each draft of your personal statement is most likely an improvement on the last, it cant hurt to write as many drafts as possible until you are absolutely satisfied with your paper. Then, after you feel you cannot make any more corrections, send your personal statement to a professional editor for final polishing. Although the above tips might seem elementary, committing to them will drastically improve the overall quality of your paper. If you would like some more tips for personal statements or if you would like additional information on college admissions essays, please dont hesitate to access the link provided. This link will direct you to an excellent online resource for admissions essays.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Detail summary of the movie Freedom Writers Review - 1

Detail summary of the Freedom Writers - Movie Review Example reedom Writers, in which the real-life story of Erin Gruwell and her inspirational teaching efforts in Long Beach, California is dramatized and somewhat fictionalized so as to convey the transformational effects of her approach to teaching inner city kids. The film starts out with images from the 1992 Los Angeles riots, thus establishing the run-down and desperate living conditions of the kids who comprise the student body of Woodrow Wilson High School. Camera shots always work to emphasize the dirty streets, the low quality living quarters of the various students, the sense of danger and violence that stalks them wherever they go. There are many examples of this violence and desperation, such as the drive-by shooting at the convenience store committed by one kid from the high school that kills another kid from the high school in front of two girls from the high school. One of these girls is expected to testify in court as to who was guilty of the murder, but the problem is that he was of her same race. She and the killer were Hispanic and the murdered boy was Asian. It was expected in the street that you protected your own kind and so this girl has to struggle with her decision through a good deal of the film. Although she is friends with the girlfriend of the murdered boy and she knows it is only right that people should be punished for violent crimes, she must also fear for her own safety and the safety of her family as they must continue living in the same streets. This very valid concern is emphasized as she is even confronted in a very threatening manner by other kids from the high school warning her that she better do what is expected. The main action of the film follows the efforts of a young teacher, Erin Gruwell, who is excited to make a change in the world. Having grown up in the world of privilege in Newport Beach, Gruwell is recently married and recently graduated and sure she can bring positive change to the inner city. However, instead of

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Report - Essay Example Both the New Deal and the Great Society were programs that were supported by social activists. Roosevelt faced an economy in severe disarray, while Johnson became president during a period of prosperity. The New Deal was almost exclusively aimed at correcting the economic woes that faced America, while the Great Society also meant to correct racial injustice and environmental problems brought on by a changing demographic and new technologies (Johnson, ch. 28). Roosevelt faced high unemployment and extreme poverty when he took office. His programs, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Agricultural Adjustment Act were designed to put people to work and place money into the hands of the average consumer (Roark 626 - 629). Johnsons plans were engineered to elevate the social quality of society by instituting massive programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (Roark 732-736). While Roosevelts programs put Americans back to work an d met their most basic needs, Johnsons legislation was meant to decrease the gap between rich and poor and give America a vision for the future. While both programs have had their critics, they have also had their success. Critics have often pointed to the negative effects of sweeping government economic programs that disrupt the market. However, the programs of the New Deal were able to stimulate the economy and bring people out of unemployment. Roosevelts programs brought electricity to the rural south and built national infrastructure. Johnsons Great Society has resulted in medical care for the neediest Americans and has enabled millions of students to attend college that otherwise would have been unable to attend. World War II would test the resolve and will of the American public to engage itself in the new global arena. Since the beginning of the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Prigogine Investigation Essay Example for Free

Prigogine Investigation Essay The origination and evolution of living organisms is considered by many scientists, due to general laws of nature, especially the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper this idea is explored, taking in account the dissipative structures and Prigogine’s thermodynamics. Introduction The use of thermodynamics in biology has a long history rich in confusion (Morowitz, 92) (Klyce, Brigg, http://www. panspermia. org/seconlaw. htm) The second law of thermodynamics was discovered by Clausius, who coined the term Entropy, which is usually defined as the degree of disorder. In the most general sense, Evolution of life means, growing in ordered combinations from cells, to tissues and organs, to plants and animals, families, communities, and ecosystem. It can be seen that these two terms: evolution and entropy express totally contradictory concepts. According to second law, Entropy of a closed system can never decrease, i. e. dSV ? 0 (Gibbs, 1928). But, in case of evolution, the living systems increasingly go on to complex state of more order, suggesting that entropy in this closed system has decreased. This is the paradox that has baffled both biologists and physicists alike. Hence, an initial theory which both physicists and biologists agreed upon was: life violates the second law of thermodynamics. Evolution of life and Entropy The contradiction can however be explained, by subscribing to one of the two very different schools of thought. Either we can accept that the order that is seen in the evolution and growth biological systems is maintained at the expense of thermodynamic order. That is to say, sustenance in the form of external energy is always provided to the organism from external environment and entropy of this larger system is increasing. Hence, living beings attract negative entropy, in order to compensate for this increase in the entropy, which explains the order. This concept was formed by Schrodinger. There is another explanation, which was proposed by Prof. Ilya Prigogine. According to him, the living organisms function as dissipative structures, i. e. thermodynamically open systems operating in non-equilibrium environment. These have the capacity for self-organization in the face of environmental fluctuations. In other words, they maintain their structure by continuously dissipating energy. Such dissipative structures are permanently in states of non-equilibrium. Ds/dt 0 away from steady state Ds/dt = 0 steady state (Prigogine, 1977) In this case, equilibrium is the state of maximum entropy. A system that is not in equilibrium exhibits a variation of entropy, which is the sum of the variations of entropy due to the internal source of entropy, plus the variation of entropy due to the interaction with the external world. The former is positive, but the latter can be negative. Therefore, total entropy of the system can decrease. Life according to this theory can then be summarized as: An organism lives because it absorbs energy from the external world and processes it to generate an internal state of lower entropy. It can live as long as it can avoid falling in the equilibrium state. According to the second law, only irreversible processes contribute to entropy production. This means the existence of a function in an isolated system which can only increase in time. It follows that the positive time direction is associated with entropy (Prigogine, 1977). Now, biological evolution is hierarchical and can be considered as an irreversible process of the variation of life with respect to the evolutionary time scale. The Law of Temporal Hierarchies makes it possible to identify quasi-closed thermodynamic systems and subsystems within open biological systems (Gladyshev, 2003). This facilitates the study of individual development (ontogenesis) and evolution (phylogenesis) of these subsystems. For instance, it is seen that the specific Gibbs function for the formation of supramolecular structures of biological tissues, G tends towards its minimum in the course of both ontogenesis and phylogenesis. (Gladyshev, 2005) The above model implies that, the mean flow of matter is quasi-stationary and the nature of incoming matter to the system remains practically unchanged. In other words, the supramolecular phase (structure) of the organism evolves against the background of the incoming flow of chemical substances of practically constant composition. This principle of the stability of chemical substances is a thermodynamic principle. Accordingly, the tendency of biological systems during evolution to generate relatively highly stable structures of higher hierarchies leads to the selection of relatively less stable structures of lower hierarchies. This rejuvenates the lower hierarchical structures and causes nearly unbounded evolution of the biological world. (Gladyshev, 2005) Conclusion The findings of hierarchical thermodynamics, specifically supramolecular thermodynamics of quasi-closed systems, confirm the thermodynamic tendency of biological evolution. Additional experiments could refine this model and further verify that second law can be applied in its classical definition to explain the origin and evolution of life References 1. Gladyshev, Georgi P. â€Å"What is Life- A physical chemist’s viewpoint†, 12th Dec. 2005 http://www.panspermia.org/seconlaw.htm

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Salvador Dali’ Essay -- essays papers

Salvador Dali’ Domenech was born on May 11, 1904 in the small farming town of Figueres in the Catalonian region of Spain. It was here in the foothills of the Pyrenees where Dali spent his youth, that many of the ideas, inspirations, and images repeated in his paintings have their roots. As a young boy Dali attended the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. At the academy Dali studied many different painting styles and became quite proficient at them. Many of his earlier works include impressionist, cubist, and realist techniques. As Dali matured, these interests were transformed into his own surrealistic style. The first recognition of Dali’s talents came with his first show held in Barcelona in 1925. He became known globally when three of his paintings, including The Basket of Bread were on display at the 3rd annual Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh in 1928. It was also this year that Dali joined a group of painters led by Andre Breton known as the surrealists. Soon after this Dali met Gala Eluard when she was on a trip with her husband Paul Eluard. Gala became Dali’s lover, business manager, and primary inspiration. Dali soon became the leader of the Surrealist movement, until he was expelled from the group during a trial in 1934 due to political clashes during WWII. After this expulsion Dali slowly moved away from his surrealistic style and moved into his classic period. His new interests in the Catholic Church, science, and history are evident in these works. Some of his most well known works from this period are The Hallucinogenic Toreador, The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, The Sacrament of the Last Supper, and The Ecumenical Council. Many of these classical works were done on large canvases 14 feet high. In order to paint these huge canvases, Dali removed a section of his floor and set up a system of pulleys so he could raise and lower the canvases between the two floors. Dali’s wife Gala died in 1982 and he was faced with a deteriorating health in his own life shortly after. In 1984 Dali was injured in a fire in his home in Pubol, Spain. In 1986 a pacemaker was implanted into Dali, and he died from heart failure on January 23, 1989. During his life, Dali was responsible for thousands of works, which varied from oils, watercolors, drawings, graphics, sculptures, jewels, and fashion designs to ... ... a woman in a yellow boat located close to the bottom center of the painting represents this invasion. The large flies flying past this bay are symbolic of Dali’s common joke that even the notorious flies of the region could not drive away the tourists. Just above the bay, the bull appears. Dali painted the bull using the tentacle of an octopus. In the seats is a glowing bust of his wife Gala. The frown on her face is because she hates bullfights. In the back of the arena are many doors around the perimeter. Every door but one has a statue standing near it. These statues give the doors manmade and earthly qualities. The one door in center without the statues actually has an angel at each side. These angels represent a passage to heaven. This is where the bull or the toreador exits when one of the two is killed in the fight. In the bottom right corner is boy standing with a whip behind his back. This is Dali himself watching over the scene. The images in this painting are very different from the melting figures and objects from his surrealistic period. This classic period brought about much more realistic figures, while still having that twist that Dali is famous for.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

My favorite painting Essay

The experience of epiphany is an important part of character development for the protagonists in A Good Man is Hard to Find (1953) and the Good Country People (1955) short stories. Both stories take place in the South and involved around the good country people, and their religion, mistrust, salvation, and battle between good and evil. On the end of both stories the main characters experience a sudden flash of recognition a deep epiphany, after being challenged by the darker side of human nature. The main character of A Good Man is Hard to Find stories is the grandmother who is a good Christian, but a selfish woman. The story is based on a family car trip on which they meet an escaped criminal and his gang while trying to fulfill the grandmothers wish by trying to find the way to a house from her childhood. This results in the familys death at the end of the story. If the grandmother had not insisted they detour to see the old house, which, she realized later that was in Tennessee, n ot in the part of Georgia where they were, the family would have avoided the disaster. The grandmother naively hopes that her insistence that the criminal is a, good man who must come from nice people will somehow change the fact that he is a murderer. The writer demonstrates her strong belief in the salvation of religion during her final pleas for her life to the criminal. OConnor says, His voice seemed about to crack and the grandmothers head cleared for an instant. She saw the mans face twisted close to her own as if he were going to cry and she murmured, Why youre one of my babies. Youre one of my own children(260). The grandmother reaches her epiphany when she realizes that finally she is putting someone before herself , and she become not only saved but also the savior by showing the Misfit that he can also be loved, accepted, and redeemed when his time comes. In Good Country People the main character Hulga is an educated and crippled middle aged woman who lives with her mom. She sees people either as good country people who are invisible, simple-minded liars, or smart, intellectual like herself who believe in science, philosophy, and not in religion. When Hulga meets Manley Pointer the Bible salesman she believes that he is one of the good country people who not like her at all. During they date in the hayloft when Manley takes her fake leg and refuses to give it back to her she experiences her epiphany. She says, Give me my leg Youre a Christian Youre a fine Christian Youre just like them all say one thing and do another (273).

Saturday, November 9, 2019

The Tumbling Down of Rates Across the Globe

Even months after the repeated unfolding of events that have led to the continuing global crisis, the economies worldwide are still reeling from its disastrous effects. The downfall of some of the icons in the financial industry – Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Lehman Brothers, Washington Mutual, Merill Lynch, AIG, Wachovia, to name a few – followed by the similar fate of the automobile giants all served to transform the once thriving business landscape of the country into a sullen territory of besieged by unemployment, home foreclosures, and an ominous recession.These days, central banks from country to country have been slashing their Treasury rates in their attempts to revive their respective economies. Benchmark Interest Rate The benchmark interest rate, also referred to as the â€Å"base interest rate,† is the minimum interest rate that investors are willing to accept for investing their money in instruments that are relatively riskier than the gover nment-issued Treasury securities.(Farlex website) It is the â€Å"yield that is being earned on the most recent on-the-run Treasury security of similar maturity plus a premium. † (InvestorWords. com) Needless to say, the benchmark interest rate fluctuates in unison with the Treasury yield. An increase or decrease in the prevailing Treasury yield will prompt a mirrored reaction from the benchmark interest rates. The benchmark interest rate varies from one country to another. These interest rates are actually indicative of the investment and economic climate that is currently in place.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Importance of Negotiation Skills

Importance of Negotiation Skills Negotiation Role The reason for the negotiation was to avoid a strike and make the management board meet their demand for higher pay and no intrusion in â€Å"non activity† time. As a member of the teacher’s union, the role of the negotiation would be to look into the benefit of the teachers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Importance of Negotiation Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Worksheet Questions Discussed Salary Teachers’ evaluation Employment security for teachers Work load Benefits Interests School Board: The interest of the school board is to maintain its budget and negotiate the best possible salary and benefits with the Teachers’ Union in order to avoid the strike. Teachers’ Union: The aim of the union is to attain the best possible offer in terms of salary, benefits, working hours, and teachers’ evaluation by receiving a new contract when the school reop ens after the summers. Parents’ Association: Want the schools to function normally and resume its operations on day-to-day basis. Points of Negotiations Category Previous Year School Board Offer Resistance Point Teachers’ Salaries (in $) 15240000 14411500 Higher salary + Higher cost of living +Higher Benefit Duration of Contract (years) 1 3 1 Work Load Pupil Ratio 32:1 Duty free time of 25 minutes Prep time Board wants teachers to do other activities during duty free time Not willing to do any other activity during the 25 minutes break Benefits Fringe benefits Reduce fringe benefits Higher paid leave in terms of childcare leave, bereavement leave, and other civic duties Teachers’ evaluation No Evaluation Third party Evaluation + Grant of tenure or layoff depending on evaluation Representation in evaluation design process + Access to evaluation data + Opportunity to challenge evaluation through official procedure Employment Security Lay-off of tea chers based on evaluation Lay-off member should be hired once hiring begins again + 60 days written notice before layoff Strategies: Compromise/ Accommodate/ Take it or leave it Tactics: Exchange of information, revealing the data related to wages, leaves, benefits, etc. of school teachers in other districts or states and present a comparison, admit to the problem of resistance and a strike, draw up a written scheme for the negotiation and the demands of the Union, and present the proposed agreement.Advertising Looking for report on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bargaining Mix: Fringe benefits to the teachers BATNA: Teachers from other schools Advantage: to attain a greater advantage and a better contract drawn for the teachers that has better pay and better benefits for all. Disadvantage: This may create a tussle between the management and the union, and this may affect the process of further or latter negotiation. Concession Points Increase in salary Reducing Prep-time and work day Increase in pupil teacher ratio Evaluation process of teachers has teacher representation Layoffs with 60 days written notice Bargaining Approach Interests School Management: The interest of the school management is to enter into a contract with the teachers’ union before the school reopens in order to avoid a strike and keep their costs low. Teachers Union: The aim of the teachers’ union is to attain the best possible contract with the school management with greater salary, fringe benefits, and higher employment security. Goal The main aim of the negotiation process of the teacher’s union is to increase salary, not increase working hours, and have representation in the layoff committee.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Importance of Negotiation Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The demand of the union is to increase salary, cost of living, or other benefits. Further, the union would resist any increase in the number of hours of activity of the teachers within their working hours. Layoff of teachers without a 60 days written notice period will be resisted by the union. Strategies The main strategy of the teachers’ union would be going ahead for collective value creation in order to attain a situation for mutual benefit. The main reason to avoid competitive negotiation, as both the bodies would be working hand in hand for value creation; therefore, a competitive negotiation may spoil the relationship between the two bodies and create further differences. A negotiation strategy needs to be employed that would help the union to attain the maximum possible demands without hampering the interest of the management. In this respect both aggressive and cooperative negotiation skills must be employed. At certain points negotiation goals are attained to the maximum and the best deal is attained by employing both the competitive and cooperative technique of negotiation. The process of negotiation that is to be employed would not be restricted to zero-sum, fixed-pie negotiation. The main aim of the strategy would be to employ an integrative negotiation strategy. An integrative negotiation strategy is one that helps in cooperative bargaining. When a stern or adamant stand cannot be fulfilled and does not become mutually beneficial, a cooperative approach must be employed in order to divide the pie to benefit both the parties. Therefore, this collaborative strategy of negotiation to be employed by the union will entail a win-win situation for both the parties. In this case study, the teachers’ union wants to attain a higher salary across all bases, increase in fringe benefits, and ensuring their free time and leaves. However, the school management intends to reduce the salary of the teachers, increase work hours in order to increase productivit y and layoff teachers who are not evaluated as good in order to do away with their liabilities such that they have fewer losses. Apparently, the interests of both the parties are contradictory, and if a competitive and aggressive stand is taken, like a strike, it would simply aggravate the situation, instead of drawing a solution. However, the collaborative process would ensure that both the parties agree upon certain points to a mutually beneficial degree and therefore, attain the best possible options.Advertising Looking for report on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The teachers’ union already knows that the management wants to cut costs, and therefore would likely assort to reducing benefits, increasing workload, and layoffs, as direct reduction of salary would aggravate the union. However, the union has other demands that would make the employment of the teachers more secure, increase their salary in accordance to the increase in cost of living, and increasing their benefits and employment security. However, the union is ready to compromise on certain issues such as increasing work hours or pupil-teacher ratio, or reduction of prep time for teachers. Compromise provides greater power to the negotiator and helps the negotiation when they commence with an opening offer . However, the union is ready to take an aggressive stand and call a strike if some of their unconditional demands are not met such as no changing of free time usage, layoff rules, and changes in teacher evaluation process. Therefore, an integrative bargaining process woul d help in creation of value for both parties and help towards a mutually beneficial outcome . Tactics First the Union must sets its bargaining range high. As conceded by Churchman . Therefore, the union will first divulge their bargaining range on three levels – â€Å"optimistic, realistic, and deadlock† . This would help the union to get the maximum possible power during the negotiation process. Then the tactics of the union would be to present the management with a realistic bargain. When a fair point of the bargaining would be reached, which many theorists believe as the mid-point of the bargaining range, a substantial outcome would be reached. Then the last tactics to close the deadlock would be on part of the union to provide to the management their â€Å"best and final† offer that would entail the maximum compromising points that the union was willing to do away with in order to reach an agreement. This compromise would demonstrate the union’s willi ngness for negotiation and the genuine intent to reach an agreement. Bargaining Mix The bargaining mix of the union would be based on the increase of salary of the teachers, and across all bases and increase cost of living allowances. Then the second issue would be the new evaluation process in which teachers’ union representation is called for and the evaluation process should be framed in such a way that if required the data of the evaluation can be accessed by the teachers and they could contest the evaluation outcome if not satisfied. The third point of bargaining was reduction of workload and the fourth was the increase of fringe benefits as demanded by the teachers’ union. BATNA The BATNA of the teachers’ union is to have higher employment security for the teachers and better work terms and higher salary for the teachers. The main aim of the teachers union was to attain higher employment security for the teachers as the management was devising a plan to la y off teachers with the introduction of the new third party evaluation process in a hassle free way. Further, the union also wanted to ensure the employability of the teachers who are laid-off by pushing the management to hire them when hiring is started again. The BATNA of the teachers’ union would not be set any higher as in many cases parties try to fix a very high BATNA and fail to attain it or lower it within the right time. This may spoil chances of optimum negotiation outcome. Negotiation Terms Beginning Offer The main offer of the union would be to increase the cost of living allowance of the teachers’ salary. The second would be to keep the break time of 50 minutes unchanged. The third would be to allow a member of the union to be in the evaluation committee such that he or she is in the process of formulation of the evaluation criteria. Further, no layoffs should be allowed without a written notice of 2 months. If any lay-off is done wrongfully, the union wil l have the right to contest it and challenge it. Further, the union would also make an initial offer to increase the benefits of the teachers in terms of increase of some of their paid leaves as in childcare leave. Target Point The target of the union was to attain a higher cost of living salary for the teachers, reduce layoffs an increase the employment security. Further, they also wanted to ensure higher benefits for the teachers. Further, they wanted union member’s representation in the evaluation committee in order to have some control over the evaluation scheme, process, and data. Further, they were looking for increasing paid leave for the teachers over and above what existed. Further, the union was aiming for a contract of 1 year. Resistance Point The points at which the union would put up a resistance were increasing the cost of living allowance. The other demands would include inclusion of a union member in the evaluation committee, access of evaluation data to the t eachers, and an official process to contest the outcome of the evaluation. The union is unwilling to reduce the duty free time or incorporate any addition service during that period of 25 minutes. The union wants additional 2-day bereavement leave for the death of spouse’s parents, paid leave in case they are detailed for any civic duty. Concession Points Lay offs The union is ready to support lay off as long as they are done in accordance with the proposed process of 60 days in advance written intimation. As long as their demand for agitation against uncalled for layoffs is met. Further, minimal layoff must be followed in any situation. Salary The union demanded $2250 across the board increase in salary. However, they are not adamant on increase in the overall salary and other allowances and are willing to accept certain concessions. Teacher Evaluation The teachers are not opposed to the concept of teacher evaluation as long as they have full representation in the evaluation committee and process. Workload The teachers were willing to allow for an increase in the workload of the teachers in terms of increase in pupil teacher ratio, reduction of prep-time, etc. References Beersma, B. de Dreu, C., 2002. Integrative and Distributive Negotiation in Small Groups: Effects of Task Structure, Decision Rule, and Social Motive. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes , 87(2), pp.227-52. Brett, J.M., 2007. Negotiating globally: how to negotiate deals, resolve disputes, and make. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons. Churchman, D., 1995. Negotiation: process, tactics, theory. Boston, MA: University Press of America. Fisher, R. Ury, W., 1981. Getting to yes. New York: Penguine. Gosselin, T., 2007. Practical negotiating: tools, tactics, techniques. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Guasco, M.P. Robinson, P.R., 2007. Principles of negotiation: strategies, tactics, techniques to reach agreements. Toronto, Canada: Entrepreneur Press. Lewicki, R.J., S aunders, D.M. Barry, B., 2010. Negotiation. 5th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Straus, D., 2003. Facilitated Collaborative Problem Solving and Process Management. In L. Hall, ed. Negotiation: strategies for mutual gain. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. pp.28-40.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good Writing Excuses: 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good We all make writing excuses for various reasons and it slows down our progress for writing a bookPublilius Syrus once claimed: Every vice has its excuse ready. And writing is no different.In this article, we will uncover the kind of excuses we make and provide you tips on how to overcome your writing excuses.So stay put! Learn. Practice. And soar.Here are our tips for how to overcome writing excuses:Find your voiceAvoid the non-native speaker debateDevelop a writing habitCut back on social mediaDont procrastinateStop fearing the fallDisability is not inabilityStrive for progressGet rid of writers blockNOTE: Want to learn how to not only publish a book, but do so in a way that sets your book up for long-term success? We teach exactly that in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhat causes writing excuses?There are a plethora of reasons writers give for letting excuses take over their work.Sure, some are the real-life instances you may connect with, and others are cheesy ideas saved in your head.You are likely to find reasons like toddler trouble, age, illness, time, little knowledge, to creativity blocks still making headlines in the writing community as the biggest launchers to writing excuses.But do you know what? Only you can let go of all excuses- and we at Self-Publishing School are here to help you along the way. The common excuses which prevent us from writing or self-publishing: Im not a native English speaker, can I still write? What is the right age if you want to self publish? I am 14 years old; do I stand a chance? Writers block (which we cover solutions to below) I am still learning how to write. I have little vocabulary knowledge: what should I do first to be a writer? Life problems/disability. Waiting for the perfect time to write. Looking for good writing tips. Fear of failing or falling. Looking for a book genre or how to start a story. Laryngitis. I want to write a script; what should I do first? Ill do it later.How to over come writing excuses with easeThe late Great Louis La Moore, the prolific author of over 100 books, once said he could write on a busy street corner: that was years back where authors used a pen, a paper, or a typewriter to create text.Imagine the benefits you can add to your writing in this era of the iPhone, tablets, and cloud apps that allow you to write on the go? First.#1 Find your voiceUsually, we learn writing by imitation: but no matter how you view it, Laryngitis will only add poison to your book.I know you may love how JK Rowlings writes or Neil Patels variety, but I can tell you that drifting away from your voice will be a bane to your book.How?Remember the creativity slowdown I mentioned earlier?When the author completes his piece, you are blank, with no ideas for your essay. You have nothing fresh to add after you finish comparing your writing to the author you are reading.The magic to fighting ensuing excuse from Laryngitis is finding your voice in writing. But thats only half of it.Here are other kick-butt methods to find your writing voice:Writing more every day.Write your draft freely without editing or looking at another persons work.Write and research later: or research but take a break before you engage in the writing process.Plot all your plans for writing a novel and ideas on some paper or notebook whenever they pop.Read more from different authors, publications, and manuscripts.Get creative with your work or content.Write with the buyer persona in mind.Get laser-focused with your writing or content by selecting a niche and a language.#2 Avoid the native/non-native English speaking debateClient: Native English speakers only.Writer: But I am not native!I hear this phrase a lot in the writing community, especially from clients who want their book/content written by Anglophone writers.But frankly speaking, I have never understood the debate or the relationship between native and non-native speaking to writing unless one is writing on relig ion, culture, cuisine, or destinations nuance.What should you do then if you are not a native English speaker?Many great writers are native English speakers. However, writing should not only be in the English language but in other languages too! And being a native does not equal writing well.Here is how to win this debate: You can write in your native language and use a service like Google translate to translate phrases and words to other languages.If you want to focus on English, read English books, the dictionary, thesaurus, and journals on the niche you want to write.Practice writing in the English language.Watch English films and movies (not the Housewives thing).Stop using autocorrect while writing.Invest in your education, learning the language.Use online writing assistants like Hemingway editor to bring clarity in your writing.You can also seek inspiration from the likes of Prof Ngugi Wa Thiong and Chinua Achebe who are not native English speakers yet, have published books in the English language and even received international accords for their persuasive writing.#3 Develop a writing habit and strategyPlanning is a necessary process in any persons life not only for corporates but writers too.If you do not plan, you plan to make writing excuses! It is that simple.The building blocks you create in the planning process will inspire you to reach your goal of completing that book. It will help you avoid replacing writing with watching The Game of Thrones, buying groceries, browsing for advice and settling toddlers or cat mischief and excuses.Tip on making a successful plan:Designate a specific time for writing and reading.Set targets.Push yourself.Create a content calendar and a place where you find writing prompts or exercise to kill writers block.Test your progress after a week or a month.Make a list of what you want to achieve. It can be in sticky notes on a wall or laptop for affirmation.Set reminders to give you the push and inform you when its time to do groceries, shopping, or writing.Create realist goals on the number of words you want to write in a day. For me, I love using 750 words.com for setting and achieving my daily writing goals.Here too are our favorite writing software you can use in planning, time management, improve productivity, and kill those writing excuses:Chrome Plus Time Tracking AppToogllWunderlistGoogle calendarCoffitivityFocusMateEvernote#4 Use social media lessHow often do you use social media? Once a week? A day? Every minute?It is true social media has got a tremendous influence and opportunities these days. It has created jobs, made communication, information, and knowledge more manageable. But it has also contributed to time and resource wastage not forgetting making the world louder.Studies show on average; we spend close to three hours every day on social media slacking off watching memes or viral content yet, we could use this time to improve on our writing skills.Take, for example. You take an hour to write 1,000 words. You could reduce the number of hours you spend on social media to two, and the other on writing.Social media is also not just a place for watching memes, but thankfully, a platform to develop writing habits. You can write on LinkedIn writing, Tumblr, or even Facebook as you connect with friends and family.Other ways to get over being hooked on social media:Turning off notifications so you can concentrate on writing.Use an app like Zen writing app or the ones mentioned in #3, which keep track of what you do.Write before you engage in another activity. This will make you want to write faster since you want to move to the next commitment.Let your desire for writing be numero uno.Make the environment conducive for writing.Join writing groups like the Self-Publishing School Mastermind Community: an excellent place to find inspiration from those who share or overcome similar challenges and excuses.How to succeed in writing groups to get over writing excuses:Joi n relevant writing groups worth your time.Connect with authors and publishers through personal chats for advice and inspiration on places such as Scribophile.com or professional associations for writers and editors.Ask only relevant questions and be on point to get the most answers out of your questions.Build a rapport.Connect, network, and engage in each case.Never let social media take charge of your life.Take advantage of its hidden gem and use social platforms as an inspiration to arouse your creativity and bring back your writing mojo.#5 -Avoid procrastinationIf its not easy to start, it will be hell to finish. -  Niklas GÃ ¶keProcrastination is the biggest thief of creativity, progress, and success. It is an enemy you must conquer at all cost.Whatever it is that you may not want to write now, stop waiting for the right time, age, or when the right resources are available to start.Today, the community has got many great resources. You can write on your phone, table t, or a pocketbook. You can also use platforms like LinkedIn, Medium, or Tumblr to share your stories: or use a tool like Jami Gold Save to plan your novel if you are starting in this art.Remember also the Great Louis La Moore words on being able to write on any busy street corner.Any place, any time is an opportunity to write: not procrastinate.Note: For your writing to work, you need to be in the writing factory and not embrace the excuse factory.#6 Dont fear to fallThere is a lot that goes into self-publishing a book: drafts, outlines, revisions, finding a publishing company and eventually marketing and selling to the public who receives it with mixed reactions.Guess what happens during all this process?Frustrations, name shaming, trolls, in-your-face insults, and horrible reviews with straight-up lies.If this has been the case, keep the fire burning and kill the negative energy in this way:Make a list of all the life lesson and use them for motivation if you lack the inspirati on.Keep a list of your favorite motivational quotes.Take Sir Richard Bransons offer challenging readers to write letters to their younger self how to navigate life.Make a list of your habits positive and negative.Write of your failures and how you plan to succeed.Have faith which gives powers and action to thoughts. Most people develop excuses because they do not have faith in their writing.Finally, keep in mind that success waits on the other side of failure.#7 Disability is not inabilityAre you struggling with specific challenges in life? Maybe an illness, marital problems, family issues, anxiety, low mood, spouse abuse, or low self-esteem?Life has a unique way of furnishing us with problems- a thing the Bible captures: but it encourages us to overcome our challenges in a unique way.2 Corinthians 4:8-9: We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed.You may struggle with whatever challenges life throws at you, but do not turn them into writing excuses.Remember, excuses thrive well where problems exist. The many times you count the troubles you are experiencing, the more you will use them as a reason for not completing your book.To tow you out of the excuse mode, look up these five authors who succeeded in this art despite disabilities.Peter WinklerOctavia E. ButlerChristy BrownJean-Dominique BaubyFyodor DostoyevskyI also wish to encourage you to:Write a memoir or a biography, or on the challenges, you are experiencing.Write about your failures and shortcomings and how you plan to undo them.Find a mentor in writing groups, writing conferences, and co-working space.Ask an able sister, friend, or family member to assist where necessary.Use technology, especially those for voice, motion, and creativity.#8 Strive for progress, not perfectionWhen I started writing, I struggled to produce a well-polished draft. I hated rewrites and self-editing made me want to ram my head into a wall.But with time, I allowed myself to be scrappy.I realized that giving it all in my drafts held my back: it pushed me into the rabbit hole of procrastination, fear and made me look inept.You may aspire to be perfect at what you do, considering the good returns it brings. But perfection sometimes carries a poor reputation plagiarism, Laryngitis, and writers block.This is especially the self-judgment we impose on ourselves when we find our piece is not of the quality of bestsellers or garnered low reviews.While you may want to become a bestselling author; when starting, strive for progress and with time, harness the power of perfection through edits, second, or third editions. Remember the old saying of how to eat an elephant? One bite at a time.That your first piece never made headlines does not mean the next will experience the same fate.Aim for progress. Perfection is like success, a journey, having no destination: hence the doing is a lot more important than th e result.Here is a broad overview of how to aim for progress:Collaborate with other writers, making relationships with them, whether aspiring or professional.Seek reviews and feedback from beta readers.Find or pay an editor to help bring out your thoughts, ideas, and write more succinctly.Do an activity that will bring more clarity to your writing.Give yourself enough latitude to experiment and maybe fail a couple of times.#9 Writers block doesnt existIt is an excuse us writers use to shot our own feet when writing or publishing a book: then seek comfort in a community or in-crowds ailing of the same.Lets face it one more time: Writers block is a fancy term made up by whiners so they can have an excuse to drink alcohol. Steve Martin.Guess what? You can stop it.How? It often starts with finding the real ailment, some soul searching and admitting to yourself.The other list of things you can do to write without writers block goes here:Make a habit of writing ideas every day.Seek idea s from social media or writing groups.The Time is Now.Check out these story ideas to stir inspirationThese creative writing prompts.Ask your partner or friend for ideas if stuck.Go through some of these creative writing exercisesDo something unique at least every quarter. It can be a documentary, podcast, or something related to the writing you produce.So whats standing in your way from self-publishing? Not excuses, it is you. But we can fix that- here at Self-Publishing School- with a few shifts in the mindset.Ready to get rid of those excuses and get your book DONE?With this training, excuses are not a part of the equation. Basically, we help you work through your biggest excuses in order to achieve your main goal: write and publish your book.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

General Electric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

General Electric - Research Paper Example Since then the company has had innovations with the electric fan in 1902, electric toaster in 1905, the high frequency alternator n 1906 which makes broadcasting possible, heating and cooking device in 1907. These have been followed by numerous innovations. Since then there has been a number of inventions and innovations which has given the company a competitive advantage. The company has a workforce of approximately 305,000 employees with 134,000 in the US and sales revenue of approximately $147.3 billion. The company is now a diversified technology and financial services conglomerate (Forbes 2013). The company is currently on Forbes lists in the following positions: The breath of GE’s operations has allowed it to sell it goods in more than 160 countries (GE 2003, p. 17). The company focuses its effort on things that matters by using the best people and technologies and tacking on some of the greatest challenges to find solutions in areas such as energy, health, home transportation and finance by not just using imagination but by ‘building, powering, moving and curing the world’ (GE 2003, p. 17) . Over the last ten years the company has invested in businesses that were adjacent to its original business line and so pursued opportunities that relate to the company’s core business. Approximately one-third of the company’s revenue in the area of infrastructure is generated from new business ventures of less then ten years old, including Oil & Gas which are considered to be fast growing business areas. This growth can be attributed to both acquisitions as well as organic investments. A major acquisition that was star ted in 2012 is that of Avio - a supplier of engine parts. This acquisition is designed to help lead the way to the new generation of engines – LEAP in 2016 and GEDx later. Additionally, it served to bring a critical aspect of the aviation supply chain in-house. The product and

Thursday, October 31, 2019

The use of logistical systems and supply chain of an international Essay

The use of logistical systems and supply chain of an international companys European supply chain business operations - Essay Example .18 3.1. EU Before 1992†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 3.2. EU Single European Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....19 3.3. EU Transport Policy-What Changed in EU After 1992†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.20 3.4. EU Greening Policy and Implications to L&SC Functions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦21 3.5. Main Requirements for Companies to Develop Effective and Competitive L&SC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....21 4. Critical Analysis of Relevant Theories†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 4.1. Revolution of supply chain before 1992†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..21 4.2. 1992 Till Today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦22 4.3. Future Analysis of the L&SC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...23 5. Case Study of NIKE’s European Logistics and Supply Chain Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......27 5.1. Brief Introduction to the Company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 5.1.1. NIKE Company’s EU Logistics and Supply Chain System before 1992†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..28 5.1.2. NIKE Companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s EU Logistics and Supply Chain System between 1992 and the Present†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 5.1.3. NIKE Company’s EU Logistics and Supply Chain System from Now and the Future†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.29 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31 7.... According to the research it was in the year 1993 that the single European market had come into its existence that initiated trade and practice across the borders. The barriers that earlier existed in the customs between 12 different countries including Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the UK, were removed with the single European market. Thus, moving goods from one location to another became a free option for all these countries. However, in regard to the logistics and supply chain functions associated with the trade across countries, there were greater challenges than visible. The most significant issue was the lack of harmonization in the process. Policies determined the governments affected the logistics through measures like application of excise duties on road vehicles, and other similar measures. Gradually with time, however, the logistics market in the European nation was being considered as the most matur ed market. A value of â‚ ¬182 billion could be associated with the logistics market of the European nation in the year 2005 that comes to a value of US$230 billion. Third party contracts are also considered with around 25 percent of the logistics expenditure in the European Union. The following table provides with the information on the percentages logistics spend on different countries in the nation. Of all the countries, Germany has been obtained to obtain the portion of the major market

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Respond for the video david cole interviews dr. franciszek piper Essay

Respond for the video david cole interviews dr. franciszek piper - Essay Example olocaust is a debatable topic, Russians have always opined that Polish, Ukrainians and Russians suffered most, as their propaganda, post-world war, has little mention of Jews. The other part of story, which this tape reveals, deals with the existence of a huge disinfestations complex, where disease caused by lice was combated, using Zyklon B gas. These facts remain unpublicized along with other major evidences of the period which may not serve the purpose of holocaust glorification. In a way, the above chambers were real gas chambers, but the victims were not the inmates, but lice and other insects. The holocaust story has no definite proof, except the eye witness accounts, which could be exaggerated. For example the gas chambers, where the ultimate sacrilege had taken place did comprise of certain areas that never matched with the description of holocaust. These include the marks on walls and floors, indicating their knocking down. In addition, the holes in the floor suggest bathrooms’ existence at the gas chamber, which was never mentioned in the holocaust story. Cole David & Smith Bradley, Interview Transcript, 1992, â€Å"David Cole Interviews Dr. Franciszek Piper, Director, Auschwitz State Museum’, Retrieved on 9th Dec 2010 from:

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Is Immortality Desirable?

Is Immortality Desirable? Abstract In this paper I discuss whether immortality in the physical form is desirable. In accordance with the deprivation account I seek to defend the commonsense view that death is a bad thing for the individual but will argue that consistency and logic does not require me to believe that an immortal existence is to be desired. I defend Bernard Williams claim that with an immortal life we are doomed to an eternity of never ending repetition, boredom and indifference and that death is a necessary evil if we are to avoid a life devoid of freshness. I will also argue that death and the very limitation that its sets down gives life meaning. In support of Victor Fankl I will defend the claim that it is time pressure that shapes our lives. In developing my argument I will oppose the counter argument that it is death that makes life meaningless not meaningful. Is Immortality desirable? Is it simply a design fault that we age and die? Are we living in a culture of death whereby we die simply because we accept it as an inevitability? â€Å"All men are mortal† said Socrates, however, a lifetime spent on in-depth research has led pioneering scientists to deem aging not as an inevitable consequence of the human condition but as a preventative disease. Perhaps these scientists are far too optimistic in their search for a virtual fountain of youth, or is it simply the case that death – the end of the physical being, is accepted by the mind and embraced through reinforced teachings and observation. Whether you believe that a quest for immortality will or will never be achieved is irrelevant to the question at hand. The focus will be on whether immortality is desirable, assuming something can be desired yet impossible. Clarification of what I mean by immortality is essential; I will focus on what can be described as physical immortality- by this I mean that on e can live for eternity as a human physical being on earth (where everyone is immortal). In my interpretation, I will also assume that there is no get out clause, take for example one is offered an elixir of immortal life, once taken a person cannot change their mind opting for death- immortality is forever. My definition will also incorporate a block on aging; eternity will be lived through a perfectly healthy functioning body. Accidents will be possible but can be fixed with ease. Intentionally, I have painted a picture of immortality which may at first glance seem desirable, as one may be quick to argue that an immortal life where a person is forever aging to the point of an eternity of pain and discomfort and where accidents occurred and could not be fixed is simply not one to be desired. However, throughout this essay I will put forward the argument that those who believe immortality to be desirable have made an irrational choice, it would be a mistake to crave an immortal life and take the elixir of eternal existence. I will approach this issue by initially examining Nagels (1970) question of whether it is a terrible thing to go out of existence, I will agree and defend the deprivation account of the evil and badness of death claiming it is possible to do so while maintaining immor tality would be a bad thing. The idea that boredom will develop if there was no end to human life will be explored, assessing much of the support from Bernard Williams (1973) as well as opposing and tackling one of John Martin Fischers (1994) criticisms of the above view. The second argument that I will present (which overlaps with my first) will be based on the meaning of life, I will argue that death and the very limitations that it sets down gives life meaning and this will be explored by assessing the views of Victor Frankl (1957) as well as counterarguments by Robert Nozicks (1981). Firstly, to determine whether immortality is a good thing, I pose the question of whether death is a bad thing. Death is an ambiguous term so let me be clear of the definition it will take in my essay. I will take death to mean the end of the physical being, the cessation of life. I am aware that defining death in this way is problematic but let us assume for the sake of simplicity that this is correct. My concern at this point is whether death is a bad thing for the person who dies, referring to the state of non existence (at least in the physical form), not the process of dying. For many, a rational response in life is to fear death- after all, it is our most personal and valuable asset, but is it really, as Nagel stated, a terrible thing to go out of existence? There has been extensive philosophical discussion and disagreement regarding this matter, with philosophers such as Bernard Williams (1973), who argue death has its rightful place; a point to which I will later return, and there are those such as Thomas Nagel (1970) who speak of its badness. Lucretius, however, argue that something can only be good or bad for a person if that person exists at the time the event takes place and is experienced, if we take death to mean non-existence where non-existence is nothingness then death cannot be said to be good or bad as only something can be interpreted in this way. I, however, believe that death is bad, agreeing with Nagel in most parts but at the same time believe that immortality, never dying is also bad, this is not a contradiction. I disagree with the Lucretius argument for the very same reason Nagel rejected their reasoning, Nagel presents an example of an individual betrayed unknowingly behind his back, although the person never becomes aware of this, it seems fair to say that the betrayal was a bad thing for the person involved, in this way the Lucretius connection between badness and experience does not hold true (Nagel, 1970:76). It may be the case that something can be intrinsically bad, bad in itself or in its own right, for example, pain is avoided for its own sake. It may also be the case that something can be comparatively bad, bad by virtue of what youre not getting while this other thing is present. I take the latter point to be the case for the badness of death. It seems to me that something can be bad even if you dont exist, e xistence is not a requirement, in fact it is the very fact that you dont exist that makes death bad. The central bad about death, about non existence, is that it deprives you of the goods of life you might otherwise be getting, I couldnt fall in love, enjoy a sunset or master philosophy.From this, it should follow that life is good because if I wasnt dead I wouldnt be deprived; more of a good thing is always better than less of a good thing; therefore more life is better than less life; it should follow therefore that eternal life never dying is exceptionally good. However, the rules of logic and reason do not require somebody who accepts the deprivation account to believe that immortality is to be desired. Looking closely at the deprivation account, what it claims is that death is bad insofar as it deprives us of the good things we could have otherwise experienced, but we shouldnt assume that life is good or always good (maybe Nagel does or often seems to assume this) what if it turned out that what you would have hereafter would be in fact a life full of bad things. It would there fore be a bad thing that you would go through the rest of your life which in this case would be an eternity with negative experiences. I will now go on to explain that it is an inevitability that an eternal life will somewhere down the line cease to be good, transforming into an eternity of badness in which case still in accordance with the deprivation account death will no longer be bad. I agree that at first thought immortality may be tempting the argument that life is too short will no longer exist. Think of all the things you could get done, you could devout years to writing great philosophy, you could take pleasure in countless sunsets and sunrises, you could enjoy things endlessly having more time to see and achieve things that you would have otherwise not had time to. Here is my argument, too much of a good thing can become a bad thing, medicine for example is something which is instrumentally good, however, although it is good in small doses in that it cures a disease for example if I take more than the prescribed amount it becomes harmful to my body. In this same way extending human life by 50 or even a 100 years can be good but what if someone added a thousand, a million, an eternity to your life? Having done and seen everything you could possible have imagined everything will start to feel the same, having experienced love and the sunset millions of times t hey would no longer excite you. Eternity is a very long time, forever goes on forever and boredom will eventually set in leaving you existing as oppose to living. It seems that I am in agreement with Bernard Williams, in his essay â€Å"The Makropulos Case:Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality† (1973) who also argues that an eternal existence would be intolerable, claiming that as human beings it is inevitable that by our very nature we will get bored we would be doomed to never ending repetition and boredom, life would simply be devoid of interest or freshness. He supports his view by discussing a play by Karel Capek which tells of a woman named Elina Makropulos, who at the age of 42 was given an elixir of eternal life by her father. The play is set 300 years on and Elina is now aged 342, Williams states that â€Å"Her unending life has come to a state of boredom, indifference, and coldness. Everything is joyless: â€Å"in the end it is the same,† she says, â€Å"singing and silence.† She refuses to take the elixir again; she dies; and the formula is deliberately destroyed by a young woman among the protest of some older men† (Williams,1973:82). EM has lived her life at the age of 42 for 300 years and it seems that everything that could happen to a woman of 42 has already happened to her. John Martin Fischer in an article titled Why immortality is not so bad criticizes Williams argument; Fischer asserts that if there was a sufficiently diverse package of experiences we would not get bored (Fischer 1994). He acknowledges that there are those pleasures that would be self exhausting, those which we would not want to repeat more than once or a few times as we would inevitably get bored. His examples of these self exhausting pleasures include pleasures that are disappointing which one would not want to repeat for that very reason and those non-disappointing pleasures which you do to fulfil a goal to prove something to yourself, for example, to overcome your phobia of heights you climb Mount Whitney but this is an experience you do not want to repeat. He acknowledges that there are those pleasures that are self exhausting but ther e are many repeatable pleasures that we would never get bored of like listening to beautiful music or seeing great art and we would therefore never fall victim to Williams boredom account. I disagree with Fischer, firstly it seems to me his examples of self exhausting pleasures present a distorted view of what pleasure really is. I agree that disappointing pleasures may appear to be pleasurable before the act but after we experience the disappointment they cease to fall into this category. It appears that these disappointing pleasures are not pleasures at all and should not fall into the category of self exhausting pleasures. It is a similar case for his example of non disappointing self exhausting pleasures like climbing a mountain to overcome a phobia, climbing this mountain is not done for sheer pleasure, we may experience pride and we may experience some pleasure from this pride but the very act is done reluctantly and is not pleasurable within itself. To claim that he partly agrees with Williams that there are those pleasure that are self exhausting is somewhat misleading what he presents in the above case are not pleasures at all. What Williams said, is to think of the most perfect immortality that you can imagine and imagine doing this forever, the above so called pleasures do not fall into this; it seems obvious they would not want to be repeated. Fischer also goes on to explain a second category of pleasures which he called repeatable pleasures which include listening to music and enjoying art, Fischer believed that if these pleasures were appropriately distributed (not too closely to each other ) they could be repeated countless times. I disagree; although in this case they could be classed as pleasure, it seems we would still inevitably get bored maybe not after 100 or even two hundred years but somewhere down the line of a never ending life we would get bored. I can only enjoy a piece of music a limited number of times before it no longer brings me pleasure. However at this point an objection may arise; some may argue that human potential is endless reducing the likelihood of boredom. There are millions of songs to be heard and millions more that will emerge, there is a countless number of things that can be enjoyed that will never run out so you are not doomed to be repeating the same things over and over, and maybe when things start to get tedious new things will be invented to occupy our minds. The response to this is that having heard a thousand, a million, two million, songs they will all eventually take the same shape, nothing new can be invented that would be so drastically different from all previous inventions. Another point to be made is that Elina Makropulos maintains the same character throughout her life changing only to adapt to her surroundings it could therefore be suggested that the boredom she experienced was a result of her unchanging character not the fact that she lived for such a long period of time. Williams addresses this throughout his article, he argues that as human beings we aim to be, and usually succeed, in becoming a certain type of person, we develop a certain set of interests, a certain way of acting and we become settled as that type of person. His thought is that those who can avoid boredom and continue to find things interesting are not sufficiently mature there seems to be something wrong with them as such immortality is not a life for a hu man being (Williams 1973) . Let us now introduce a way boredom can be avoided in accordance with his argument, a possibility Williams considers is rejuvenation; by this he means you remain a human being in that you maintain the same body but every so often you are rejuvenated, a certain part of your history disappears and is replaced by a new start. Although this seems to deal with the boredom issue Williams does questions whether this is in fact you? Every time I am rejuvenated I have no recollection of my prior self and build a whole new character based on different memories and experiences. It seems wrong to say that I am the same person after being rejuvenated for the hundredth time as I was prior to my first rejuvenation (Williams,1973:92). Even if we are persuaded that you are the same person Williams would argue that it is not giving you anything that you could be interested in, the absence of a continuity of consciousness is a serious problem. Even if it is not death it is as bad as death to be rejuvenated in this way. Another possibility to consider is the gradual deterioration of memory where we forget things as time goes on for example every 200 years. However I believe this raises the same question as above are we really the same person if we live in a 200 year envelope? Williams concludes that death is a necessary e vil; we should hope to die if we are to avoid the alternative of immortality. My second argument to why immortality is not desirable is based on the meaning of life. I believe that death and the very limitations that it sets down gives life meaning. My second argument overlaps with my first but what I wish to specifically argue here is that it is the very fact that we are here for what is comparatively a short time that makes our lives meaningful, in the way we act and behave, this is the idea that it is time pressure that shapes our lives. It is irrelevant whether one believes or does not believe in god or any form of creator or greater being, they will still find life meaningless without death, even if you merely carry on living out of the fear of dying. I believe that all good things have to have a beginning, middle and an end and each is necessary and is enjoyed accordingly. Victor Frankl argues that death itself is what makes life meaningful, his reasoning is as follows: â€Å"What would our lives be like if they were not finite in time, but infinite? If we were immortal, we would legitimately postpone every action forever. It would be of no consequence whether or not we did a thing now; every act might just as well be done tomorrow or the day after or a year from now or ten years hence. But in the face of death as absolute finis to our future boundary to our possibilities, we are under the imperative of utilizing our lifetimes to utmost, not letting the singular opportunities- whose finite sum constitutes the whole of life-pass by unused† (Frankl,1957:73). Nozick , however, has a problem with this argument, in his book â€Å"Philosophical explanation† he wonders whether death in fact makes life meaningless not meaningful, he argues that â€Å"Frankl assumes our only desire is to have done certain things, to put certain things somewhere on our record†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.However, we may desire to do things; our desire need not be merely to have done them. Moreover, if we had an infinite life, we might view it as a whole, as something to organize, shape and do something with† (Nozick,1981:579-580) I disagree, firstly it was not assumed by Frankl that we merely do things to put them on record, what was being said is that we have a limited amount of time to do things but we do not merely do them just to tick a box but to grow and evolve as human beings because pursuing our goals enriches our lives. It is the very fact that we have a finite time that motivates us to make those decisions and do those things that enhance our lives, which would only be forever delayed with an infinite existence. For example why should I go to school if I dont like it? The simple answer is to learn to acquire skills that would help me to achieve and make something of my self before I die and cease to exist. If I was immortal, learning trigonometry would seem less attractive than watching TV or playing computer games all day. I get more pleasure from such things (in the short term at least) and watching TV is certainly easier than studying and Ill get round to learning trigonometry sometime.Time press ure is what makes us set goals, with an immortal life tasks would forever be extended and a consequence would emerge whereby we would be less likely to do things of value, we would become a stagnant society where simple pleasures rule. Even if we are partly motivated by the desire to do things not only to have done things they would still be postponed and contrary to what Nozick claims this would matter as the desire alone to do things does not make ones life meaningful it may contribute to some poor will to carry on living (to do that specific thing) but will not give satisfaction to ones life. Nozick also questions whether death in fact makes life meaningless? Many argue that death renders life futile because we will all eventually die and so there is no point in developing character or studying calculus if our progress is ultimately going to be permanently interrupted and it will all go to waste. It seems to me that to argue that death makes life meaningless is to argue that something can only be meaningful if it lasts forever. The truth is that many things we value and find worthwhile do not last forever. I affirm that most if not all actions other than pleasures within themselves are predominantly motivated by the desire to get things done and enrich our lives from them before we die. Death is a deadline, a necessary evil; we know every day that passes we will never get back and this gives meaning and shapes how we live and thus an immortal life is not one to be desired. So far a strong argument has been provided for the undesirability of an immortal life but is there any situation in which immortality can be desired? In setting out what I meant by immortality I disallowed a get out clause, let us now suppose you would be able to live as long as you wanted and when you eventually had enough it would be possible to take your own life, is the elixir of eternal existence now more attractive? Surely it is, however, this is not all together straight forward. Take for example a mortal who chooses to commit suicide, in taking their own life he/she is giving up for example another 30 years, however, in the case of an immortal he/she is giving up what is essentially an eternity. They may be unhappy now but they could not possibly know that this would be the case in a million or a billion years time, choosing to take an immortal life is of greater consequence. In allowing a get out clause we would also become a very unadventurous and risk- averse society, who would take the risk of bungee jumping, paragliding and so forth if what they are risking is an infinite lifespan? Although this may seem a more attractive model of immortality it is complicated and can it really be called immortality if we allow this get out clause? It seems to me the very fact that we would choose this model supports my argument, that immortality would cease to be good and we would all sooner or later opt to take our own lives. In conclusion immortality in the physical human sense is never a good thing. It should not be desired; whatever perfect life you imagine to want to experience forever it will soon become tedious and boredom will eventually set in. Death is therefore necessary, even in accordance with the deprivation account, as further existence would become a bad thing sooner or later and it will no longer be the case whereby death deprives you of the good things life has to offer but where death provides an end to all that is bad with an eternal existence. It is also the inevitability of death that gives life reason and shape, the very fact that we have a limited lifespan motivates people through a sense of urgency to spend their time doing those things that contribute meaning and enrich their lives which would forever be delayed with inevitable consequences with an immortal life. Without death there would be no such thing as sacrifice, putting a lifes work into something, heroism and courage, we w ould lack appreciation for our existence, life would not be as serious or meaningful. I believe there to be an artistic necessity about dying- in the same way a picture has a frame, one cannot imagine an infinite painting, or a play has a shape and a final curtain, one cant imagine a play going on forever. Why grope for some mysterious realm for which we are not properly equipped to function in? Although I have argued that immortality is bad, this is not to say that it is a good thing that we die when we do, in accordance with all above arguments one can still think that we die too soon. Bibliography Fischer, M. (1994). Why Immortality is Not So Bad. International Journal of Philosophical Studies. 2, 257-270. Frankl, V (1957). The Doctor and the Soul. Alfred Knopf. New York Nagel, T (1970). Death. Nous. 4, 73-80 Nozick, R (1981). Philosophical Explanations. Oxford.  Clarendon Press Williams, B (1973). Problems of the Self: Philosophical Papers 1956-1972. New York: Cambridge University Press.