Free Essays on Politcs In Cities

During the 19th century there was a rapid growth of American cities due to immigration and migration from rural areas. This rise in the population created enormous problems for city governments, which were often unable to provide for the people and lacked any type of structure. In these conditions we begin to see the emergence of political machines, such as Tammany Hall in New York City. These groups were able to build a loyal voter following, especially among immigrant groups, by performing such favors as providing jobs or housing. Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighborhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighborhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls.They were called machines because of their power to get candidates elected and their mechanical like efficiency when doing business. Political machines are local political party organiza tions capable of mobilizing or â€Å"manufacturing† large numbers of votes on behalf of candidates for political office. The traditional American political machine consists of three elements: a county committee, which governed the machine; an army of ward and precinct leaders who mobilized and organized support at the neighborhood level; and party loyalists who supported the machine with votes and financial support in return for benefits provided by ward and precinct leaders. The county committee consisted of professional politicians and the party’s top office holders within the county. In some cases, a single leader, called the â€Å"party boss†, would dominate the committee. In the 20th century, individuals such as Kansas City’s Thomas J. Pendergast, Boston’s James Michael Curly, and Chicago’s Richard J. Daily exercised a controlling influence on their city’s political affairs through their command of the county committee. The count y committee’s ... Free Essays on Politcs In Cities Free Essays on Politcs In Cities During the 19th century there was a rapid growth of American cities due to immigration and migration from rural areas. This rise in the population created enormous problems for city governments, which were often unable to provide for the people and lacked any type of structure. In these conditions we begin to see the emergence of political machines, such as Tammany Hall in New York City. These groups were able to build a loyal voter following, especially among immigrant groups, by performing such favors as providing jobs or housing. Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighborhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighborhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls.They were called machines because of their power to get candidates elected and their mechanical like efficiency when doing business. Political machines are local political party organiza tions capable of mobilizing or â€Å"manufacturing† large numbers of votes on behalf of candidates for political office. The traditional American political machine consists of three elements: a county committee, which governed the machine; an army of ward and precinct leaders who mobilized and organized support at the neighborhood level; and party loyalists who supported the machine with votes and financial support in return for benefits provided by ward and precinct leaders. The county committee consisted of professional politicians and the party’s top office holders within the county. In some cases, a single leader, called the â€Å"party boss†, would dominate the committee. In the 20th century, individuals such as Kansas City’s Thomas J. Pendergast, Boston’s James Michael Curly, and Chicago’s Richard J. Daily exercised a controlling influence on their city’s political affairs through their command of the county committee. The count y committee’s ...

Important Tips For Personal Statements

Important Tips For Personal Statements As someone who has written many personal statements for college applications, I know firsthand how mind-numbing and frustrating the process can be. That is why I would like to take this opportunity offer some suggestions and writing tips for personal statements. Hopefully after reading the following paragraphs, the idea of writing a personal statement for your college of choice wont seem so intimidating. In my opinion, the most important tip for writing personal statements is to give yourself plenty of time. Allowing several weeks or even months in which to write your essay means that you can afford to take your time and compose an excellent composition. The worst thing you can do is wait until the last minute to write your personal statement. Doing so will almost guarantee frustration, disappointment, and a mediocre final product. Another excellent tip that I advise when writing your personal statement is to create many drafts. As each draft of your personal statement is most likely an improvement on the last, it cant hurt to write as many drafts as possible until you are absolutely satisfied with your paper. Then, after you feel you cannot make any more corrections, send your personal statement to a professional editor for final polishing. Although the above tips might seem elementary, committing to them will drastically improve the overall quality of your paper. If you would like some more tips for personal statements or if you would like additional information on college admissions essays, please dont hesitate to access the link provided. This link will direct you to an excellent online resource for admissions essays.

Detail summary of the movie Freedom Writers Review - 1

Detail summary of the Freedom Writers - Movie Review Example reedom Writers, in which the real-life story of Erin Gruwell and her inspirational teaching efforts in Long Beach, California is dramatized and somewhat fictionalized so as to convey the transformational effects of her approach to teaching inner city kids. The film starts out with images from the 1992 Los Angeles riots, thus establishing the run-down and desperate living conditions of the kids who comprise the student body of Woodrow Wilson High School. Camera shots always work to emphasize the dirty streets, the low quality living quarters of the various students, the sense of danger and violence that stalks them wherever they go. There are many examples of this violence and desperation, such as the drive-by shooting at the convenience store committed by one kid from the high school that kills another kid from the high school in front of two girls from the high school. One of these girls is expected to testify in court as to who was guilty of the murder, but the problem is that he was of her same race. She and the killer were Hispanic and the murdered boy was Asian. It was expected in the street that you protected your own kind and so this girl has to struggle with her decision through a good deal of the film. Although she is friends with the girlfriend of the murdered boy and she knows it is only right that people should be punished for violent crimes, she must also fear for her own safety and the safety of her family as they must continue living in the same streets. This very valid concern is emphasized as she is even confronted in a very threatening manner by other kids from the high school warning her that she better do what is expected. The main action of the film follows the efforts of a young teacher, Erin Gruwell, who is excited to make a change in the world. Having grown up in the world of privilege in Newport Beach, Gruwell is recently married and recently graduated and sure she can bring positive change to the inner city. However, instead of

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Report - Essay Example Both the New Deal and the Great Society were programs that were supported by social activists. Roosevelt faced an economy in severe disarray, while Johnson became president during a period of prosperity. The New Deal was almost exclusively aimed at correcting the economic woes that faced America, while the Great Society also meant to correct racial injustice and environmental problems brought on by a changing demographic and new technologies (Johnson, ch. 28). Roosevelt faced high unemployment and extreme poverty when he took office. His programs, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Agricultural Adjustment Act were designed to put people to work and place money into the hands of the average consumer (Roark 626 - 629). Johnsons plans were engineered to elevate the social quality of society by instituting massive programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (Roark 732-736). While Roosevelts programs put Americans back to work an d met their most basic needs, Johnsons legislation was meant to decrease the gap between rich and poor and give America a vision for the future. While both programs have had their critics, they have also had their success. Critics have often pointed to the negative effects of sweeping government economic programs that disrupt the market. However, the programs of the New Deal were able to stimulate the economy and bring people out of unemployment. Roosevelts programs brought electricity to the rural south and built national infrastructure. Johnsons Great Society has resulted in medical care for the neediest Americans and has enabled millions of students to attend college that otherwise would have been unable to attend. World War II would test the resolve and will of the American public to engage itself in the new global arena. Since the beginning of the

Prigogine Investigation Essay Example for Free

Prigogine Investigation Essay The origination and evolution of living organisms is considered by many scientists, due to general laws of nature, especially the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper this idea is explored, taking in account the dissipative structures and Prigogine’s thermodynamics. Introduction The use of thermodynamics in biology has a long history rich in confusion (Morowitz, 92) (Klyce, Brigg, http://www. panspermia. org/seconlaw. htm) The second law of thermodynamics was discovered by Clausius, who coined the term Entropy, which is usually defined as the degree of disorder. In the most general sense, Evolution of life means, growing in ordered combinations from cells, to tissues and organs, to plants and animals, families, communities, and ecosystem. It can be seen that these two terms: evolution and entropy express totally contradictory concepts. According to second law, Entropy of a closed system can never decrease, i. e. dSV ? 0 (Gibbs, 1928). But, in case of evolution, the living systems increasingly go on to complex state of more order, suggesting that entropy in this closed system has decreased. This is the paradox that has baffled both biologists and physicists alike. Hence, an initial theory which both physicists and biologists agreed upon was: life violates the second law of thermodynamics. Evolution of life and Entropy The contradiction can however be explained, by subscribing to one of the two very different schools of thought. Either we can accept that the order that is seen in the evolution and growth biological systems is maintained at the expense of thermodynamic order. That is to say, sustenance in the form of external energy is always provided to the organism from external environment and entropy of this larger system is increasing. Hence, living beings attract negative entropy, in order to compensate for this increase in the entropy, which explains the order. This concept was formed by Schrodinger. There is another explanation, which was proposed by Prof. Ilya Prigogine. According to him, the living organisms function as dissipative structures, i. e. thermodynamically open systems operating in non-equilibrium environment. These have the capacity for self-organization in the face of environmental fluctuations. In other words, they maintain their structure by continuously dissipating energy. Such dissipative structures are permanently in states of non-equilibrium. Ds/dt 0 away from steady state Ds/dt = 0 steady state (Prigogine, 1977) In this case, equilibrium is the state of maximum entropy. A system that is not in equilibrium exhibits a variation of entropy, which is the sum of the variations of entropy due to the internal source of entropy, plus the variation of entropy due to the interaction with the external world. The former is positive, but the latter can be negative. Therefore, total entropy of the system can decrease. Life according to this theory can then be summarized as: An organism lives because it absorbs energy from the external world and processes it to generate an internal state of lower entropy. It can live as long as it can avoid falling in the equilibrium state. According to the second law, only irreversible processes contribute to entropy production. This means the existence of a function in an isolated system which can only increase in time. It follows that the positive time direction is associated with entropy (Prigogine, 1977). Now, biological evolution is hierarchical and can be considered as an irreversible process of the variation of life with respect to the evolutionary time scale. The Law of Temporal Hierarchies makes it possible to identify quasi-closed thermodynamic systems and subsystems within open biological systems (Gladyshev, 2003). This facilitates the study of individual development (ontogenesis) and evolution (phylogenesis) of these subsystems. For instance, it is seen that the specific Gibbs function for the formation of supramolecular structures of biological tissues, G tends towards its minimum in the course of both ontogenesis and phylogenesis. (Gladyshev, 2005) The above model implies that, the mean flow of matter is quasi-stationary and the nature of incoming matter to the system remains practically unchanged. In other words, the supramolecular phase (structure) of the organism evolves against the background of the incoming flow of chemical substances of practically constant composition. This principle of the stability of chemical substances is a thermodynamic principle. Accordingly, the tendency of biological systems during evolution to generate relatively highly stable structures of higher hierarchies leads to the selection of relatively less stable structures of lower hierarchies. This rejuvenates the lower hierarchical structures and causes nearly unbounded evolution of the biological world. (Gladyshev, 2005) Conclusion The findings of hierarchical thermodynamics, specifically supramolecular thermodynamics of quasi-closed systems, confirm the thermodynamic tendency of biological evolution. Additional experiments could refine this model and further verify that second law can be applied in its classical definition to explain the origin and evolution of life References 1. Gladyshev, Georgi P. â€Å"What is Life- A physical chemist’s viewpoint†, 12th Dec. 2005 http://www.panspermia.org/seconlaw.htm

Salvador Dali’ Essay -- essays papers

Salvador Dali’ Domenech was born on May 11, 1904 in the small farming town of Figueres in the Catalonian region of Spain. It was here in the foothills of the Pyrenees where Dali spent his youth, that many of the ideas, inspirations, and images repeated in his paintings have their roots. As a young boy Dali attended the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. At the academy Dali studied many different painting styles and became quite proficient at them. Many of his earlier works include impressionist, cubist, and realist techniques. As Dali matured, these interests were transformed into his own surrealistic style. The first recognition of Dali’s talents came with his first show held in Barcelona in 1925. He became known globally when three of his paintings, including The Basket of Bread were on display at the 3rd annual Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh in 1928. It was also this year that Dali joined a group of painters led by Andre Breton known as the surrealists. Soon after this Dali met Gala Eluard when she was on a trip with her husband Paul Eluard. Gala became Dali’s lover, business manager, and primary inspiration. Dali soon became the leader of the Surrealist movement, until he was expelled from the group during a trial in 1934 due to political clashes during WWII. After this expulsion Dali slowly moved away from his surrealistic style and moved into his classic period. His new interests in the Catholic Church, science, and history are evident in these works. Some of his most well known works from this period are The Hallucinogenic Toreador, The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, The Sacrament of the Last Supper, and The Ecumenical Council. Many of these classical works were done on large canvases 14 feet high. In order to paint these huge canvases, Dali removed a section of his floor and set up a system of pulleys so he could raise and lower the canvases between the two floors. Dali’s wife Gala died in 1982 and he was faced with a deteriorating health in his own life shortly after. In 1984 Dali was injured in a fire in his home in Pubol, Spain. In 1986 a pacemaker was implanted into Dali, and he died from heart failure on January 23, 1989. During his life, Dali was responsible for thousands of works, which varied from oils, watercolors, drawings, graphics, sculptures, jewels, and fashion designs to ... ... a woman in a yellow boat located close to the bottom center of the painting represents this invasion. The large flies flying past this bay are symbolic of Dali’s common joke that even the notorious flies of the region could not drive away the tourists. Just above the bay, the bull appears. Dali painted the bull using the tentacle of an octopus. In the seats is a glowing bust of his wife Gala. The frown on her face is because she hates bullfights. In the back of the arena are many doors around the perimeter. Every door but one has a statue standing near it. These statues give the doors manmade and earthly qualities. The one door in center without the statues actually has an angel at each side. These angels represent a passage to heaven. This is where the bull or the toreador exits when one of the two is killed in the fight. In the bottom right corner is boy standing with a whip behind his back. This is Dali himself watching over the scene. The images in this painting are very different from the melting figures and objects from his surrealistic period. This classic period brought about much more realistic figures, while still having that twist that Dali is famous for.

My favorite painting Essay

The experience of epiphany is an important part of character development for the protagonists in A Good Man is Hard to Find (1953) and the Good Country People (1955) short stories. Both stories take place in the South and involved around the good country people, and their religion, mistrust, salvation, and battle between good and evil. On the end of both stories the main characters experience a sudden flash of recognition a deep epiphany, after being challenged by the darker side of human nature. The main character of A Good Man is Hard to Find stories is the grandmother who is a good Christian, but a selfish woman. The story is based on a family car trip on which they meet an escaped criminal and his gang while trying to fulfill the grandmothers wish by trying to find the way to a house from her childhood. This results in the familys death at the end of the story. If the grandmother had not insisted they detour to see the old house, which, she realized later that was in Tennessee, n ot in the part of Georgia where they were, the family would have avoided the disaster. The grandmother naively hopes that her insistence that the criminal is a, good man who must come from nice people will somehow change the fact that he is a murderer. The writer demonstrates her strong belief in the salvation of religion during her final pleas for her life to the criminal. OConnor says, His voice seemed about to crack and the grandmothers head cleared for an instant. She saw the mans face twisted close to her own as if he were going to cry and she murmured, Why youre one of my babies. Youre one of my own children(260). The grandmother reaches her epiphany when she realizes that finally she is putting someone before herself , and she become not only saved but also the savior by showing the Misfit that he can also be loved, accepted, and redeemed when his time comes. In Good Country People the main character Hulga is an educated and crippled middle aged woman who lives with her mom. She sees people either as good country people who are invisible, simple-minded liars, or smart, intellectual like herself who believe in science, philosophy, and not in religion. When Hulga meets Manley Pointer the Bible salesman she believes that he is one of the good country people who not like her at all. During they date in the hayloft when Manley takes her fake leg and refuses to give it back to her she experiences her epiphany. She says, Give me my leg Youre a Christian Youre a fine Christian Youre just like them all say one thing and do another (273).

The Tumbling Down of Rates Across the Globe

Even months after the repeated unfolding of events that have led to the continuing global crisis, the economies worldwide are still reeling from its disastrous effects. The downfall of some of the icons in the financial industry – Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Lehman Brothers, Washington Mutual, Merill Lynch, AIG, Wachovia, to name a few – followed by the similar fate of the automobile giants all served to transform the once thriving business landscape of the country into a sullen territory of besieged by unemployment, home foreclosures, and an ominous recession.These days, central banks from country to country have been slashing their Treasury rates in their attempts to revive their respective economies. Benchmark Interest Rate The benchmark interest rate, also referred to as the â€Å"base interest rate,† is the minimum interest rate that investors are willing to accept for investing their money in instruments that are relatively riskier than the gover nment-issued Treasury securities.(Farlex website) It is the â€Å"yield that is being earned on the most recent on-the-run Treasury security of similar maturity plus a premium. † (InvestorWords. com) Needless to say, the benchmark interest rate fluctuates in unison with the Treasury yield. An increase or decrease in the prevailing Treasury yield will prompt a mirrored reaction from the benchmark interest rates. The benchmark interest rate varies from one country to another. These interest rates are actually indicative of the investment and economic climate that is currently in place.

Importance of Negotiation Skills

Importance of Negotiation Skills Negotiation Role The reason for the negotiation was to avoid a strike and make the management board meet their demand for higher pay and no intrusion in â€Å"non activity† time. As a member of the teacher’s union, the role of the negotiation would be to look into the benefit of the teachers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Importance of Negotiation Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Worksheet Questions Discussed Salary Teachers’ evaluation Employment security for teachers Work load Benefits Interests School Board: The interest of the school board is to maintain its budget and negotiate the best possible salary and benefits with the Teachers’ Union in order to avoid the strike. Teachers’ Union: The aim of the union is to attain the best possible offer in terms of salary, benefits, working hours, and teachers’ evaluation by receiving a new contract when the school reop ens after the summers. Parents’ Association: Want the schools to function normally and resume its operations on day-to-day basis. Points of Negotiations Category Previous Year School Board Offer Resistance Point Teachers’ Salaries (in $) 15240000 14411500 Higher salary + Higher cost of living +Higher Benefit Duration of Contract (years) 1 3 1 Work Load Pupil Ratio 32:1 Duty free time of 25 minutes Prep time Board wants teachers to do other activities during duty free time Not willing to do any other activity during the 25 minutes break Benefits Fringe benefits Reduce fringe benefits Higher paid leave in terms of childcare leave, bereavement leave, and other civic duties Teachers’ evaluation No Evaluation Third party Evaluation + Grant of tenure or layoff depending on evaluation Representation in evaluation design process + Access to evaluation data + Opportunity to challenge evaluation through official procedure Employment Security Lay-off of tea chers based on evaluation Lay-off member should be hired once hiring begins again + 60 days written notice before layoff Strategies: Compromise/ Accommodate/ Take it or leave it Tactics: Exchange of information, revealing the data related to wages, leaves, benefits, etc. of school teachers in other districts or states and present a comparison, admit to the problem of resistance and a strike, draw up a written scheme for the negotiation and the demands of the Union, and present the proposed agreement.Advertising Looking for report on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bargaining Mix: Fringe benefits to the teachers BATNA: Teachers from other schools Advantage: to attain a greater advantage and a better contract drawn for the teachers that has better pay and better benefits for all. Disadvantage: This may create a tussle between the management and the union, and this may affect the process of further or latter negotiation. Concession Points Increase in salary Reducing Prep-time and work day Increase in pupil teacher ratio Evaluation process of teachers has teacher representation Layoffs with 60 days written notice Bargaining Approach Interests School Management: The interest of the school management is to enter into a contract with the teachers’ union before the school reopens in order to avoid a strike and keep their costs low. Teachers Union: The aim of the teachers’ union is to attain the best possible contract with the school management with greater salary, fringe benefits, and higher employment security. Goal The main aim of the negotiation process of the teacher’s union is to increase salary, not increase working hours, and have representation in the layoff committee.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Importance of Negotiation Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The demand of the union is to increase salary, cost of living, or other benefits. Further, the union would resist any increase in the number of hours of activity of the teachers within their working hours. Layoff of teachers without a 60 days written notice period will be resisted by the union. Strategies The main strategy of the teachers’ union would be going ahead for collective value creation in order to attain a situation for mutual benefit. The main reason to avoid competitive negotiation, as both the bodies would be working hand in hand for value creation; therefore, a competitive negotiation may spoil the relationship between the two bodies and create further differences. A negotiation strategy needs to be employed that would help the union to attain the maximum possible demands without hampering the interest of the management. In this respect both aggressive and cooperative negotiation skills must be employed. At certain points negotiation goals are attained to the maximum and the best deal is attained by employing both the competitive and cooperative technique of negotiation. The process of negotiation that is to be employed would not be restricted to zero-sum, fixed-pie negotiation. The main aim of the strategy would be to employ an integrative negotiation strategy. An integrative negotiation strategy is one that helps in cooperative bargaining. When a stern or adamant stand cannot be fulfilled and does not become mutually beneficial, a cooperative approach must be employed in order to divide the pie to benefit both the parties. Therefore, this collaborative strategy of negotiation to be employed by the union will entail a win-win situation for both the parties. In this case study, the teachers’ union wants to attain a higher salary across all bases, increase in fringe benefits, and ensuring their free time and leaves. However, the school management intends to reduce the salary of the teachers, increase work hours in order to increase productivit y and layoff teachers who are not evaluated as good in order to do away with their liabilities such that they have fewer losses. Apparently, the interests of both the parties are contradictory, and if a competitive and aggressive stand is taken, like a strike, it would simply aggravate the situation, instead of drawing a solution. However, the collaborative process would ensure that both the parties agree upon certain points to a mutually beneficial degree and therefore, attain the best possible options.Advertising Looking for report on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The teachers’ union already knows that the management wants to cut costs, and therefore would likely assort to reducing benefits, increasing workload, and layoffs, as direct reduction of salary would aggravate the union. However, the union has other demands that would make the employment of the teachers more secure, increase their salary in accordance to the increase in cost of living, and increasing their benefits and employment security. However, the union is ready to compromise on certain issues such as increasing work hours or pupil-teacher ratio, or reduction of prep time for teachers. Compromise provides greater power to the negotiator and helps the negotiation when they commence with an opening offer . However, the union is ready to take an aggressive stand and call a strike if some of their unconditional demands are not met such as no changing of free time usage, layoff rules, and changes in teacher evaluation process. Therefore, an integrative bargaining process woul d help in creation of value for both parties and help towards a mutually beneficial outcome . Tactics First the Union must sets its bargaining range high. As conceded by Churchman . Therefore, the union will first divulge their bargaining range on three levels – â€Å"optimistic, realistic, and deadlock† . This would help the union to get the maximum possible power during the negotiation process. Then the tactics of the union would be to present the management with a realistic bargain. When a fair point of the bargaining would be reached, which many theorists believe as the mid-point of the bargaining range, a substantial outcome would be reached. Then the last tactics to close the deadlock would be on part of the union to provide to the management their â€Å"best and final† offer that would entail the maximum compromising points that the union was willing to do away with in order to reach an agreement. This compromise would demonstrate the union’s willi ngness for negotiation and the genuine intent to reach an agreement. Bargaining Mix The bargaining mix of the union would be based on the increase of salary of the teachers, and across all bases and increase cost of living allowances. Then the second issue would be the new evaluation process in which teachers’ union representation is called for and the evaluation process should be framed in such a way that if required the data of the evaluation can be accessed by the teachers and they could contest the evaluation outcome if not satisfied. The third point of bargaining was reduction of workload and the fourth was the increase of fringe benefits as demanded by the teachers’ union. BATNA The BATNA of the teachers’ union is to have higher employment security for the teachers and better work terms and higher salary for the teachers. The main aim of the teachers union was to attain higher employment security for the teachers as the management was devising a plan to la y off teachers with the introduction of the new third party evaluation process in a hassle free way. Further, the union also wanted to ensure the employability of the teachers who are laid-off by pushing the management to hire them when hiring is started again. The BATNA of the teachers’ union would not be set any higher as in many cases parties try to fix a very high BATNA and fail to attain it or lower it within the right time. This may spoil chances of optimum negotiation outcome. Negotiation Terms Beginning Offer The main offer of the union would be to increase the cost of living allowance of the teachers’ salary. The second would be to keep the break time of 50 minutes unchanged. The third would be to allow a member of the union to be in the evaluation committee such that he or she is in the process of formulation of the evaluation criteria. Further, no layoffs should be allowed without a written notice of 2 months. If any lay-off is done wrongfully, the union wil l have the right to contest it and challenge it. Further, the union would also make an initial offer to increase the benefits of the teachers in terms of increase of some of their paid leaves as in childcare leave. Target Point The target of the union was to attain a higher cost of living salary for the teachers, reduce layoffs an increase the employment security. Further, they also wanted to ensure higher benefits for the teachers. Further, they wanted union member’s representation in the evaluation committee in order to have some control over the evaluation scheme, process, and data. Further, they were looking for increasing paid leave for the teachers over and above what existed. Further, the union was aiming for a contract of 1 year. Resistance Point The points at which the union would put up a resistance were increasing the cost of living allowance. The other demands would include inclusion of a union member in the evaluation committee, access of evaluation data to the t eachers, and an official process to contest the outcome of the evaluation. The union is unwilling to reduce the duty free time or incorporate any addition service during that period of 25 minutes. The union wants additional 2-day bereavement leave for the death of spouse’s parents, paid leave in case they are detailed for any civic duty. Concession Points Lay offs The union is ready to support lay off as long as they are done in accordance with the proposed process of 60 days in advance written intimation. As long as their demand for agitation against uncalled for layoffs is met. Further, minimal layoff must be followed in any situation. Salary The union demanded $2250 across the board increase in salary. However, they are not adamant on increase in the overall salary and other allowances and are willing to accept certain concessions. Teacher Evaluation The teachers are not opposed to the concept of teacher evaluation as long as they have full representation in the evaluation committee and process. Workload The teachers were willing to allow for an increase in the workload of the teachers in terms of increase in pupil teacher ratio, reduction of prep-time, etc. References Beersma, B. de Dreu, C., 2002. Integrative and Distributive Negotiation in Small Groups: Effects of Task Structure, Decision Rule, and Social Motive. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes , 87(2), pp.227-52. Brett, J.M., 2007. Negotiating globally: how to negotiate deals, resolve disputes, and make. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons. Churchman, D., 1995. Negotiation: process, tactics, theory. Boston, MA: University Press of America. Fisher, R. Ury, W., 1981. Getting to yes. New York: Penguine. Gosselin, T., 2007. Practical negotiating: tools, tactics, techniques. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Guasco, M.P. Robinson, P.R., 2007. Principles of negotiation: strategies, tactics, techniques to reach agreements. Toronto, Canada: Entrepreneur Press. Lewicki, R.J., S aunders, D.M. Barry, B., 2010. Negotiation. 5th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Straus, D., 2003. Facilitated Collaborative Problem Solving and Process Management. In L. Hall, ed. Negotiation: strategies for mutual gain. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. pp.28-40.

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good Writing Excuses: 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good We all make writing excuses for various reasons and it slows down our progress for writing a bookPublilius Syrus once claimed: Every vice has its excuse ready. And writing is no different.In this article, we will uncover the kind of excuses we make and provide you tips on how to overcome your writing excuses.So stay put! Learn. Practice. And soar.Here are our tips for how to overcome writing excuses:Find your voiceAvoid the non-native speaker debateDevelop a writing habitCut back on social mediaDont procrastinateStop fearing the fallDisability is not inabilityStrive for progressGet rid of writers blockNOTE: Want to learn how to not only publish a book, but do so in a way that sets your book up for long-term success? We teach exactly that in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhat causes writing excuses?There are a plethora of reasons writers give for letting excuses take over their work.Sure, some are the real-life instances you may connect with, and others are cheesy ideas saved in your head.You are likely to find reasons like toddler trouble, age, illness, time, little knowledge, to creativity blocks still making headlines in the writing community as the biggest launchers to writing excuses.But do you know what? Only you can let go of all excuses- and we at Self-Publishing School are here to help you along the way. The common excuses which prevent us from writing or self-publishing: Im not a native English speaker, can I still write? What is the right age if you want to self publish? I am 14 years old; do I stand a chance? Writers block (which we cover solutions to below) I am still learning how to write. I have little vocabulary knowledge: what should I do first to be a writer? Life problems/disability. Waiting for the perfect time to write. Looking for good writing tips. Fear of failing or falling. Looking for a book genre or how to start a story. Laryngitis. I want to write a script; what should I do first? Ill do it later.How to over come writing excuses with easeThe late Great Louis La Moore, the prolific author of over 100 books, once said he could write on a busy street corner: that was years back where authors used a pen, a paper, or a typewriter to create text.Imagine the benefits you can add to your writing in this era of the iPhone, tablets, and cloud apps that allow you to write on the go? First.#1 Find your voiceUsually, we learn writing by imitation: but no matter how you view it, Laryngitis will only add poison to your book.I know you may love how JK Rowlings writes or Neil Patels variety, but I can tell you that drifting away from your voice will be a bane to your book.How?Remember the creativity slowdown I mentioned earlier?When the author completes his piece, you are blank, with no ideas for your essay. You have nothing fresh to add after you finish comparing your writing to the author you are reading.The magic to fighting ensuing excuse from Laryngitis is finding your voice in writing. But thats only half of it.Here are other kick-butt methods to find your writing voice:Writing more every day.Write your draft freely without editing or looking at another persons work.Write and research later: or research but take a break before you engage in the writing process.Plot all your plans for writing a novel and ideas on some paper or notebook whenever they pop.Read more from different authors, publications, and manuscripts.Get creative with your work or content.Write with the buyer persona in mind.Get laser-focused with your writing or content by selecting a niche and a language.#2 Avoid the native/non-native English speaking debateClient: Native English speakers only.Writer: But I am not native!I hear this phrase a lot in the writing community, especially from clients who want their book/content written by Anglophone writers.But frankly speaking, I have never understood the debate or the relationship between native and non-native speaking to writing unless one is writing on relig ion, culture, cuisine, or destinations nuance.What should you do then if you are not a native English speaker?Many great writers are native English speakers. However, writing should not only be in the English language but in other languages too! And being a native does not equal writing well.Here is how to win this debate: You can write in your native language and use a service like Google translate to translate phrases and words to other languages.If you want to focus on English, read English books, the dictionary, thesaurus, and journals on the niche you want to write.Practice writing in the English language.Watch English films and movies (not the Housewives thing).Stop using autocorrect while writing.Invest in your education, learning the language.Use online writing assistants like Hemingway editor to bring clarity in your writing.You can also seek inspiration from the likes of Prof Ngugi Wa Thiong and Chinua Achebe who are not native English speakers yet, have published books in the English language and even received international accords for their persuasive writing.#3 Develop a writing habit and strategyPlanning is a necessary process in any persons life not only for corporates but writers too.If you do not plan, you plan to make writing excuses! It is that simple.The building blocks you create in the planning process will inspire you to reach your goal of completing that book. It will help you avoid replacing writing with watching The Game of Thrones, buying groceries, browsing for advice and settling toddlers or cat mischief and excuses.Tip on making a successful plan:Designate a specific time for writing and reading.Set targets.Push yourself.Create a content calendar and a place where you find writing prompts or exercise to kill writers block.Test your progress after a week or a month.Make a list of what you want to achieve. It can be in sticky notes on a wall or laptop for affirmation.Set reminders to give you the push and inform you when its time to do groceries, shopping, or writing.Create realist goals on the number of words you want to write in a day. For me, I love using 750 words.com for setting and achieving my daily writing goals.Here too are our favorite writing software you can use in planning, time management, improve productivity, and kill those writing excuses:Chrome Plus Time Tracking AppToogllWunderlistGoogle calendarCoffitivityFocusMateEvernote#4 Use social media lessHow often do you use social media? Once a week? A day? Every minute?It is true social media has got a tremendous influence and opportunities these days. It has created jobs, made communication, information, and knowledge more manageable. But it has also contributed to time and resource wastage not forgetting making the world louder.Studies show on average; we spend close to three hours every day on social media slacking off watching memes or viral content yet, we could use this time to improve on our writing skills.Take, for example. You take an hour to write 1,000 words. You could reduce the number of hours you spend on social media to two, and the other on writing.Social media is also not just a place for watching memes, but thankfully, a platform to develop writing habits. You can write on LinkedIn writing, Tumblr, or even Facebook as you connect with friends and family.Other ways to get over being hooked on social media:Turning off notifications so you can concentrate on writing.Use an app like Zen writing app or the ones mentioned in #3, which keep track of what you do.Write before you engage in another activity. This will make you want to write faster since you want to move to the next commitment.Let your desire for writing be numero uno.Make the environment conducive for writing.Join writing groups like the Self-Publishing School Mastermind Community: an excellent place to find inspiration from those who share or overcome similar challenges and excuses.How to succeed in writing groups to get over writing excuses:Joi n relevant writing groups worth your time.Connect with authors and publishers through personal chats for advice and inspiration on places such as Scribophile.com or professional associations for writers and editors.Ask only relevant questions and be on point to get the most answers out of your questions.Build a rapport.Connect, network, and engage in each case.Never let social media take charge of your life.Take advantage of its hidden gem and use social platforms as an inspiration to arouse your creativity and bring back your writing mojo.#5 -Avoid procrastinationIf its not easy to start, it will be hell to finish. -  Niklas GÃ ¶keProcrastination is the biggest thief of creativity, progress, and success. It is an enemy you must conquer at all cost.Whatever it is that you may not want to write now, stop waiting for the right time, age, or when the right resources are available to start.Today, the community has got many great resources. You can write on your phone, table t, or a pocketbook. You can also use platforms like LinkedIn, Medium, or Tumblr to share your stories: or use a tool like Jami Gold Save to plan your novel if you are starting in this art.Remember also the Great Louis La Moore words on being able to write on any busy street corner.Any place, any time is an opportunity to write: not procrastinate.Note: For your writing to work, you need to be in the writing factory and not embrace the excuse factory.#6 Dont fear to fallThere is a lot that goes into self-publishing a book: drafts, outlines, revisions, finding a publishing company and eventually marketing and selling to the public who receives it with mixed reactions.Guess what happens during all this process?Frustrations, name shaming, trolls, in-your-face insults, and horrible reviews with straight-up lies.If this has been the case, keep the fire burning and kill the negative energy in this way:Make a list of all the life lesson and use them for motivation if you lack the inspirati on.Keep a list of your favorite motivational quotes.Take Sir Richard Bransons offer challenging readers to write letters to their younger self how to navigate life.Make a list of your habits positive and negative.Write of your failures and how you plan to succeed.Have faith which gives powers and action to thoughts. Most people develop excuses because they do not have faith in their writing.Finally, keep in mind that success waits on the other side of failure.#7 Disability is not inabilityAre you struggling with specific challenges in life? Maybe an illness, marital problems, family issues, anxiety, low mood, spouse abuse, or low self-esteem?Life has a unique way of furnishing us with problems- a thing the Bible captures: but it encourages us to overcome our challenges in a unique way.2 Corinthians 4:8-9: We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed.You may struggle with whatever challenges life throws at you, but do not turn them into writing excuses.Remember, excuses thrive well where problems exist. The many times you count the troubles you are experiencing, the more you will use them as a reason for not completing your book.To tow you out of the excuse mode, look up these five authors who succeeded in this art despite disabilities.Peter WinklerOctavia E. ButlerChristy BrownJean-Dominique BaubyFyodor DostoyevskyI also wish to encourage you to:Write a memoir or a biography, or on the challenges, you are experiencing.Write about your failures and shortcomings and how you plan to undo them.Find a mentor in writing groups, writing conferences, and co-working space.Ask an able sister, friend, or family member to assist where necessary.Use technology, especially those for voice, motion, and creativity.#8 Strive for progress, not perfectionWhen I started writing, I struggled to produce a well-polished draft. I hated rewrites and self-editing made me want to ram my head into a wall.But with time, I allowed myself to be scrappy.I realized that giving it all in my drafts held my back: it pushed me into the rabbit hole of procrastination, fear and made me look inept.You may aspire to be perfect at what you do, considering the good returns it brings. But perfection sometimes carries a poor reputation plagiarism, Laryngitis, and writers block.This is especially the self-judgment we impose on ourselves when we find our piece is not of the quality of bestsellers or garnered low reviews.While you may want to become a bestselling author; when starting, strive for progress and with time, harness the power of perfection through edits, second, or third editions. Remember the old saying of how to eat an elephant? One bite at a time.That your first piece never made headlines does not mean the next will experience the same fate.Aim for progress. Perfection is like success, a journey, having no destination: hence the doing is a lot more important than th e result.Here is a broad overview of how to aim for progress:Collaborate with other writers, making relationships with them, whether aspiring or professional.Seek reviews and feedback from beta readers.Find or pay an editor to help bring out your thoughts, ideas, and write more succinctly.Do an activity that will bring more clarity to your writing.Give yourself enough latitude to experiment and maybe fail a couple of times.#9 Writers block doesnt existIt is an excuse us writers use to shot our own feet when writing or publishing a book: then seek comfort in a community or in-crowds ailing of the same.Lets face it one more time: Writers block is a fancy term made up by whiners so they can have an excuse to drink alcohol. Steve Martin.Guess what? You can stop it.How? It often starts with finding the real ailment, some soul searching and admitting to yourself.The other list of things you can do to write without writers block goes here:Make a habit of writing ideas every day.Seek idea s from social media or writing groups.The Time is Now.Check out these story ideas to stir inspirationThese creative writing prompts.Ask your partner or friend for ideas if stuck.Go through some of these creative writing exercisesDo something unique at least every quarter. It can be a documentary, podcast, or something related to the writing you produce.So whats standing in your way from self-publishing? Not excuses, it is you. But we can fix that- here at Self-Publishing School- with a few shifts in the mindset.Ready to get rid of those excuses and get your book DONE?With this training, excuses are not a part of the equation. Basically, we help you work through your biggest excuses in order to achieve your main goal: write and publish your book.

General Electric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

General Electric - Research Paper Example Since then the company has had innovations with the electric fan in 1902, electric toaster in 1905, the high frequency alternator n 1906 which makes broadcasting possible, heating and cooking device in 1907. These have been followed by numerous innovations. Since then there has been a number of inventions and innovations which has given the company a competitive advantage. The company has a workforce of approximately 305,000 employees with 134,000 in the US and sales revenue of approximately $147.3 billion. The company is now a diversified technology and financial services conglomerate (Forbes 2013). The company is currently on Forbes lists in the following positions: The breath of GE’s operations has allowed it to sell it goods in more than 160 countries (GE 2003, p. 17). The company focuses its effort on things that matters by using the best people and technologies and tacking on some of the greatest challenges to find solutions in areas such as energy, health, home transportation and finance by not just using imagination but by ‘building, powering, moving and curing the world’ (GE 2003, p. 17) . Over the last ten years the company has invested in businesses that were adjacent to its original business line and so pursued opportunities that relate to the company’s core business. Approximately one-third of the company’s revenue in the area of infrastructure is generated from new business ventures of less then ten years old, including Oil & Gas which are considered to be fast growing business areas. This growth can be attributed to both acquisitions as well as organic investments. A major acquisition that was star ted in 2012 is that of Avio - a supplier of engine parts. This acquisition is designed to help lead the way to the new generation of engines – LEAP in 2016 and GEDx later. Additionally, it served to bring a critical aspect of the aviation supply chain in-house. The product and